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Item ABU CANGKANG BUAH KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU(2017-01-09) Siahaan, Agnes Rezky; Muhdarina; NurhayatiKetapang (Terminallia catappa) fruit shell belong to an organic waste which is a source of carbon compounds derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This study utilized ketapang fruit shell waste in the environment Riau University campus to be converted into ashes. Ash was obtained by calcined at a temperature of 700 °C (CBK-700) and 800 °C (CBK-800) for 1 hour. Furthermore, ash was used as an biosorbent of methylene blue in following parameters variation; contact time (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes), dosage of adsorbent (0,5; 1; 2 and 3 g) and initial concentration of adsorbate (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 ppm). Result of the research showed that adsorption of methylene blue by ketapang fruit shell occured in optimum condition of contact time 15 minutes, dosage of adsorbent 0,5 g and initial concentration of adsorbat 50 ppm. Ketapang fruit shell ash was given the adsorption capacity value against methylene blue were 5,1030 mg g-1 for CBK-700 and 5,0280 mg g-1 for CBK-800. Difference of calcination temperature wasn’t give a large difference against asdorption capacity of methylene blue.Item ADSORPSI ARANG AKTIF SABUT PINANG (Areca cathecu L) MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR H2SO4 TERHADAP ION LOGAM KADMIUM (Cd2+) DAN TIMBAL (Pb2+)(2016-10-19) Syauqi, Muhammad Ridho; Bali, Subardi; ItnawitaFibers nut activated charcoal has been used as an adsorbent to remove cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) ions in solution; The activated charcoal of fibers nut was made by carbonization at 400oC for ± 2 hours and chemical activation using various concentration of H2SO4 (2.5; 5.0 and 7.5%). The characterization result showed that fibers nut activated charcoal using H2SO4 7.5% had 2,69% of moisture contain, 0.92% of ash content, 667,59 mg/g of iodine adsorption, 4,62 mg/g of methylene blue adsorption and 17,12 m2/g of surface area. Adsorption ability of the activated charcoal was analyzed in variation concentration of cadmium and lead solution for 24 hours and measured using Atomic Absorption of Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed the adsorption efficiency of activated charcoal of fibers nut for cadmium (Cd2+) ion was 69,58% at initial concentration 8,58 ppm and for lead (Pb2+) ion was 97,89% at initial concentration 22,80 ppm.Item ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA CONGO RED MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT ALAM TERAKTIVASI(2016-10-12) Lasmana, Andrik; Mukhtar, Akmal; Tamboesai, Emrizal MahidinThe increase in the adsorption capacity of the zeolite can be done by modifying the zeolite. This research aims to use the activated zeolite for adsorption of the dye congo red with some parameters. Preparation of adsorbent begins with the physical activation by heating for 2 hours at a temperature of 3000C. Zeolite was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Parameters for congo red dye adsorption were analyzed mass, contact time and pH. Adsorptiont process was done by varying the mass (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g) , the contact time (30,60,90 and 120 minutes), and pH (1, 3, 5, 7 dan 9) and measured using UV-Vis Spectrofotometri. All adsorption values obtained were compared between natural zeolite activated and non-activation of natural zeolite. The results indicate that activation zeolite better absorption than the non-activation of zeolite. The optimum condition for adsorption was at mass (0.1 g), time (90 minutes) and pH 3 which activated zeolite for adsoption percentage reached 95.49% while the non-activation zeolite adsorption percentage of only 44.65%Item AKTIVASI ARANG CANGKANG BUAH NIPAH (Nypa frutican Wurmb) MENGGUNAKAN RADIASI MICROWAVE(Elfitra, 2022-06) Susilawati, Nurdiah; Anita, SofiaNipa palm shell (Nypa frutican Wurmb) is one part of nipa that potentially used as an adsorbent, due to its content 45.6% of cellulose, 23.5% of hemicellulose and 19.4% of lignin. The aim of this research was to determine the optimum condition of irradiation time. The nipa palm shell was prepared through carbonization at 500°C and activated by microwave irradiation at 600 W with various activation times (5, 10 and 15 minutes). Carbon resulted from nipa palm shell was characterized by SNI No. 06-3730-1995 and SEM. Optimum microwave activation time at 10 minutes produce 1.28% of water content, 10.6% of ash content, 1003.3 mg/g of iod adsorption, 7.5686 mg/g of methylene blue adsorption and 28.0624 m2/g of surface area. It can be concluded that microwave activation increase the ability of iod adsorption, methylene blue adsorption and surface area of activated carbon. Based on this work, activated process by microwave succed to improve the ability of adsorbent.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT KO-KULTUR Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 DAN Staphylococcus aureus(Elfitra, 2022-01) Nurhidayati, Rahmadanis; Nurulita, Yuana; Yuharmen, YuharmenPenicillium sp. LBKURCC34 has the ability to produce antibacterial activity by single and co-culture fermentation. To increase diversity of chemical compounds, in this study, Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 was fermented by co-culture with the addition of Staphylococcus aureus on day 3rd for 14 days incubation. To obtain active fractions as antibacterial activity from the ethyl acetate extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) was applied. It resulted in 15 fractions, the highest antibacterial activity against bacteria E. coli in F3A, F6A, and F6B fractions and against bacteria S. aureus in F3A, F4, and F5 fractions with the best activity against S. aureus were F3A that contained nonpolar compounds.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT BIJI PINANG TUA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)(Elfitra, 2023-07) Sumarni, Sumarni; Novianty, RirynDepression is a mental disorder characterized by a persistently lowered mood and leads to patients experiencing decreased productivity and even ending in suicide. Antidepressants can be used for the initial treatment of depressed patients. Herbs has potential as antidepressants that can be selected using the Forced Swim Test (FST) method. This study aims to determine the antidepressant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of old areca nut seeds through the FST method in an acute manner. FST was used because it was one of the most widely used in vivo methods for antidepressant screening in basic and preclinical studies. Intraperitoneal injection of mice was performed 1 hour before FST at a dose of 10 mg/kg and the control group was injected with 0.9% saline only. Ethyl acetate extract of old areca nut seeds dose of 10 mg/kg was not effective as an antidepressant because the decrease in immobility time was not significantly different to control.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK METANOL BIJI PINANG MUDA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)(Elfitra, 2023-05) Neldi, Mitra Frecilia; Novianty, RirynDepression is a mood disorder in the form of deep depressing emotions or feelings. Depressive disorders often occur in society and become the biggest contributor to suicide. The main pharmacological therapy for depressive disorders is antidepressant drugs. The Forced Swim Test (FST) method is a method commonly used for antidepressant screening. This study aims to determine the antidepressant activity of young areca seed methanol extract through the FST method in an acute manner. The in vivo FST method was chosen because it can be a specific test to measure behavior that is common for antidepressant treatments that have pharmacological effects. The injection was carried out intraperitoneally 1 hour before FST at a dose of 10 mg/kg and the control group was only injected with 0.9% saline. The methanol extract of 10 mg/kg of young areca nut seeds has no potential as an antidepressant as evidenced by the absence of a significant decrease in immobility time compared to the control.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA BIJI PALA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)(Elfitra, 2023-08) Andryani, Mega; Novianty, RirynDepression is a disease associated with feelings of sadness and symptoms such as changes in sleep patterns, appetite, concentration and feelings of hopelessness. Depressive disorders can be experienced by adults and children can also experience depression regardless of social class. Pharmacological therapy for depressive disorders is a drug from the class of antidepressants. The method commonly used for antidepressant screening is the Forced Swim Test (FST). This study aims to determine the antidepressant activity of n-hexane extract of nutmeg through the FST method in an acute manner. FST is used because it is an in vivo method which can be a special test in basic and pre-clinical research. The injection was carried out intraperitoneally 1 hour before FST at a dose of 50 mg/kg and the control group was only injected with 0.9% saline. The n-hexane extract 50 mg/kg of nutmeg seed had no potential as an antidepressant as evidenced by the decrease in immobility time which was not significantly different from the control.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK N-HEKSANA BIJI PINANG MUDA DENGAN METODA FORCED SWIM TEST PADA MENCIT JANTAN (Mus musculus)(Elfitra, 2023-05) Ya’la, Fitra Audhi; Novianty, RirynDepression is a mental disorder caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters which can be treated with antidepressants. The method commonly used for antidepressant screening which is validated by animal behavior is the Forced Swim Test (FST). It has not been clarified the antidepressant activity of n-hexane extract young areca nut (Areca catechu L.). Therefore, this study aimed to perform FST on mice which had been injected acutely with young areca nut n-hexane extract. The young areca nut n-hexane extract was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour before FST to mice at doses of 100 mg/kg, while the the vehicle control group was only injected 0.9% saline. The n-hexane extract young areca nut seeds at a dose of 100 mg/kg has no potential as an antidepressant. This was evidenced by the unsatisfactory results, the extract induced a significant decline in the immobility time of the mice that had been injected with the drug sample.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK KO-KULTUR ISOLAT JAMUR LOKAL RIAU Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 DAN Penicillium sp. LBKURCC30(Elfitra, 2023-09) Rahmat, Riska Alifia; Nurulita, YuanaPenicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and LBKURCC30 are fungi that have the potential to produce secondary metabolites that have many activities. This study was conducted to produce secondary metabolites using co-culture fermentation. Extraction of secondary metabolites was carried out using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), butanol (BuOH) and acetone (Ace). Antimicrobial activity test of these three extracts was conducted using disc diffusion method. Based on the clear zone area at concentrations of 2000 and 200 μg/disk, the three extracts did not have antibacterial activity against the four pathogenic microbes. Antifungal test results at a concentration of 2000 μg/disk these three extracts have antifungal activity against C. albicans fungi, while at a concentration of 200 μg/disk only EtOAc and BuOH extracts have antifungal activity.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL 30% KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PROSES PENGERINGAN DALAM OVEN 60OC(2016-05-10) Simbolon, Lidya Purnama; Nugroho, Titania Tjandrawati; Teruna, Hilwan YudaEthanol extracts of mangosteen fruit rind contain high antioxidant activity that is heat labile. Drying of ethanol extracts containing antioxidant activity ideally is carried out at low temperatures using a vacuum freeze dryer. In the absence of a vacuum freeze dryer other methods must be used, such as oven drying but at temperatures with minimal loss of the antioxidant activity. To evaluate the effects of the drying process, the antioxidant activities of mangosteen fruit rind 30% ethanol extracts before and after oven drying at 60oC was compared to each other. Dried powdered mangosteen fruit rind was incubated in 30% ethanol for 8 days at 40ºC and 100 rpm in a shaking incubator. After incubation, the mixture was filtered to separate the ethanol extract from the remaining solids. The ethanol solvent from the filtered extract was evaporated by rotary vacuum evaporation at 50oC, and the semi-dried residue was further oven dried at 60oC to constant weight. The antioxidant activity of the semi-dried extract residue and oven dried extract was analyzed using the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results showed that the IC50 value of the antioxidant activity from mangosteen fruit rind 30% ethanol extract before the drying process was (42.78±1.54) μg/mL, and after the drying process was (21.30±2.29) μg/mL. Unpaired student t analysis to compare the average IC50 values of the 30% extracts before and after drying showed that there was a significant increase (p<0,05) in the antioxidant activity after the 60oC oven drying process.Item AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FERMENTASI KO-KULTUR ISOLAT JAMUR LOKAL RIAU Penicillium sp. DAN Trichoderma sp.(Elfitra, 2022-07) Ferani, Aisya; Nurulita, Yuana; Rafi, MohamadLocal isolates of the Riau fungus Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34, Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 and Trichoderma asperelloides LBKURCC2 are well-known potential producers of secondary metabolites with several bioactivities, such as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the co-culture extracts of these local isolates of Riau. Production of the compounds by co–culture fermentation and extraction of their fermentation media, Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 (Co-Culture A), Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and Trichoderma asperelloides LBKURCC2 (Co-Culture B) and the three fungi (Co-Culture C) were performed using organic solvents butanol (BuOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and acetone (Ace). The antioxidant activity was analyzed by DPPH. Based on the research, co-cultured extracts of Butanol C and Acetone C were the most active antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 48.428 ± 3.956 μg/mL and 43.331 ± 3.994 μg/mL respectively.Item AKTIVITAS KATALITIK MANGAN OKSIDA YANG DI-DOPING DENGAN LOGAM TRANSISI MENGGUNAKAN 2 METODE YANG BERBEDA(wahyu sari yeni, 2019-07-15) Cindy, Bella Permata; Awaluddin, AmirThe doped Co-cryptomelane type manganese oxide catalysts were prepared using two type approaches, direct and indirect methods. The products were obtained by the reaction between KMnO4, glucose and small quantity of CoNO3 as dopan using sol-gel method. The as-synthesized Co-cryptomelanes was then characterized by XRD for the phase structure, crystallinity and purity and SEM for morphology. The XRD results indicated that both synthetic method displayed the same cryptomelane phase and the same morphology. The K+ ions in the tunnel of cryptomelane (direct method) are more readily replaced by Co that that synthesized using indirect method. ;The as-synthesized Co-cryptomelane product was then applied for the degradation of methylene blue dye using H2O2 as an oxidant. The maximum degradation of MB was 87,05% using Co-cryptomelane synthesized using direct method for 120 minutes of reaction times.Item AKTIVITAS TOKSISITAS DAN ANTIBAKTERI METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAGING BIJI TUMBUHAN KLUWAK (Pangium edule Reinw)(2016-05-10) Ismar, Rani; Teruna, Hilwan Yuda; JasrilKluwak (Pangium edule Reinw) is a plant that has a lot of potential but has not been widely studied. Kluwak seeds consist 33.16% methyl linoleate and 44.93% methyl oleate that can be used as source of essential oil. The extraction of kluwak oil was carried out by maceration using ethyl acetate because the extraction’s temperature was below the solvent’s boiling point so that the degradation of oil component as the effect of heat can be avoided. Our finding showed that 12.03% kluwak oil consist 4.68% patchouli alcohol; 12.26% methyl palmitate; 33.16% methyl linoleate; 44.93% methyl oleate and 4.97% methyl stearate. Toxicity activity assay using BSLT method showed that kluwak oil was not toxic againts Artemia salina with LC50 values more than 1000 ppm. The antibacterial activity determined by agar diffusion method in concentration of 30; 60; 90 and 150 𝜇𝜇g/disk. Bacteria that have been used for this evaluation were Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. This antibacterial assay indicated that the kluwak oil has activity against both bacterial tested.Item AMPLIFIKASI GEN CaM Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 SECARA POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION(Elfitra, 2022-06) Risdarenuadie, Septiani; Nugroho, Titania Tj.; Nurulita, YuanaThe fungal isolate Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 is one of the isolates that has been successfully isolated from peat soil in the core zone of the Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve (GSKBB), Riau Province. Fungal isolates have the potential to produce secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity, and it is important to correctly know the species of the isolate for inventory reasons, ease of secondary metabolite isolation, purification and utilization. In this study, as a first step toward the molecular identification of Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34, the fungal chromosomal DNA was amplified in the CaM region using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. A horizontal electrophoresis process was carried out to detect the success of the amplification process and calculate the molecular weight or length of the DNA products. A PCR product corresponding to CaM amplified region was successfully obtained after 35 cycles with the following conditions: 45 seconds of template denaturation at 94oC, 45 seconds of primer annealing at 55oC, and 1 minute of primer elongation at 72oC. The final products were subjected to a final elongation for 10 minutes at 72o C. The PCR product of the CaM amplified region of Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 had a DNA length of 785 bps.Item ANALISIS AKTIVITAS ENZIM AMILASE PRODUKSI JAMUR TERMOFILIK Aspergillus sp. LBKURCC304 DENGAN SUMBER KARBON BERBEDA(perpustakaan UR, 2021-08) Sitompul, Lorena Omega; Saryono, Saryono; Devi, SilveraThermophilic amylase is great demand in industrial processes and biotechnology. The production of amylase can be affected by carbon sources. In this study, the production of amylase was carried out by Aspergillus sp. LBKURCC304 with several natural carbon sources (cassava, corn, taro, purple sweet potato, potato, breadfruit, canna, gembili, gadung, and sago). Production was carried out in submerged fermentation pH 7 at 50°C for 11 days with an agitation speed of 150 rpm. Determination of amylase activity was using the Nelson-Somogyi method, absorbance was measured using a UVVis spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 540 nm. The results showed that the highest activity was obtained in presence of sago carbohydrates (0.0391 ± 0.0017 U/mL) as a carbon sourceItem ANALISIS DAYA SERAP SABUT KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP BESI, KALSIUM, KLORIDA DAN ZAT ORGANIK PADA AIR LINDI TPA MUARA FAJAR PEKANBARU(2014-03-27) Hidayati, Lisma; Abdullah, Chainulfiffah; Bali, SubardiPalm fruit fiber is one of the solid waste which is derived from the processing of palm oil industry. Palm fruit fiber is also a plentiful waste but has not been used optimally. The ability of the palm fruit fiber and palm fruit fiber charcoal in removing Fe, Ca, Cl and organic compounds was investigated from leachate in TPA Muara Fajar Pekanbaru. Palm fruit fiber can be applied as adsorben because it contains 28.28% cellulose and 27.86% lignin. The concentration of iron was analyzed by AAS. calcium and organic compounds were analyzed with titrimetry method, and chloride was analyzed by argentometry method. The result showed that adsorption capacity of the palm fruit fiber for iron was 0.1035 mg/g, calcium 23.5427 mg/g, chloride 0.3402 mg/g and organic compounds 0.8848 mg/g. The adsorption capacity of the palm fruit fiber charcoal for iron was 0.0429 mg/g, calcium 36.2011 mg/g, chloride 0.5108 mg/g, and organic compounds 0.9500 mg/g. The efficiency percentage of the palm fruit fiber were found to be 29.36% to iron, 35.22% to calcium, 24.99% chloride and 56.00% to organic compounds. Whereas the efficiency percentage of the palm fruit fiber charcoal were 12.16% to iron, 54.15% to calcium, 37.52% to chloride and 60.13% to organic compounds. The result showed that the adsorption capacity and efficiency percentage of palm fruit fiber charcoal were greater than the palm fruit fiber. Based on statistical method (paired t test), it is found that palm fruit fiber and palm fruit fiber charcoal were effective to remove iron, calcium, and organic compounds but not for chlorideItem ANALISIS DAYA SERAP TONGKOL JAGUNG TERHADAP KALIUM, NATRIUM, SULFIDA DAN SULFAT PADA AIR LINDI TPA MUARA FAJAR PEKANBARU(2014-03-27) Amir, S.; Chainulfiffah; ItnawitaCorncob is a kind of side product on agricultural industry that exists in large amount from corn processing. Corncob predominantly consists of hemicellulose (36%), lignin (6%), and cellulose (41%). The cellulose content in corncob can be used as an adsorbent. In order to utilize corncob as an adsorbent its adsorption the ability need to be tested to potassium, sodium, sulfide, and sulfate in leachhate at Muara Fajar waste disposal not only as corncob powder form but also in char form. An atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the content of potassium and sodium, while spectrophotometer of UV-Vis was used for sulfide and sulfate contents. Result showed that adsorption ability of corncob powder for potassium and sodium was higher than its char form (1,14 mg/g; 17,58 mg/g; and 1,095 mg/g; 16,85 mg/g). While the adsorption ability of corncob powder for sulfide and sulfate was lower than its char form (0,190 mg/g; 5,531 mg/g; 0,268 mg/g and 9,025 mg/g). According to paired t test method (p = 0,05), it showed that corncob and its char have effectiveness to adsorp sodium, potassium, sulfide and sulfate in leachete from Muara Fajar waste disposalItem ANALISIS GUGUS FUNGSI DAN KEASAMAN ZEOLIT HASIL SINTESIS DARI LEMPUNG ALAM(2020-10) Ramadhita, Bianti; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaThe use of natural raw materials for synthesis zeolite is considered to have more economic advantages, but special treatment is needed to remove some impurities such as metals. This study aims to synthesize zeolite using Maredan natural clay as a source of Si and Al through reflux method. The synthesis was started from the leaching process using 3 M sulfuric acid by adjusting the post-leaching atmosphere to pH 2 and 4, then calcined at 750ºC for 3 hours. Post-calcined clays were aged at 80ºC using 5 M NaOH with a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 3 hours, then followed by a reflux process at 100ºC for 8 hours. The solids from this synthesis were characterized using FTIR. FTIR data shows a double ring vibration D4R and D6R at a wavelength of 550-600 cm-1. These two types of vibrations correspond to the functional groups of the sodalite type zeolites. The acid site of the zeolite can be determined by FTIR analysis using pyridine adsorption, which shows the presence of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites at wave numbers 1540-1545 cm-1 and 1419-1544 cmItem ANALISIS HASIL OKSIDASI BROMOCRESOL PURPLE OLEH LAKASE Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETER FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRA RED(Elfitra, 2022-05) Wulandari, Nuria; Nugroho, Titania T.; Linggawati, AmiliaTrichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 is one of the biocontrol agents capable of producing the enzyme laccase. Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is an extracellular enzyme that contains copper ions and catalyzes the four-electron oxidation of various -OH containing substrates. T. asperellum LBKURCC1 laccase is able to oxidize several triphenylmethane textile dyes, including Bromocresol purple (BCP) dye. This study explores chemical changes of the dye, Bromocresol purple (BCP) by treatment with crude extracts of T. asperellum LBKURCC1 by analyzing its Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrum to determine changes in functional groups. The FTIR results did not show any addition or reduction of functional groups in BCP buffer controls, in BCP treated with the inactive enzyme, and with BCP treated with the active enzyme for 30 minutes and 6 days, respectively. However, there was a slight difference in the FTIR spectrum between 30 minutes and 6 days treatments, for all experiments, namely a decrease in the stretching of 2850 cm-1 due to the widening of the O-H stretching. This indicates that BCP is oxidized and leads to a more polar compound because the intensity of the O-H stretch increases and C-H which is a non-polar group decreases.