Chemical Engineering

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ADSORPSI LOGAM Fe DENGAN ZEOLIT 4A YANG DISINTESIS DARI FLY ASH SAWIT
(2012-10-24) Aima, Siti; Zahrina Ida; Zultiniar
Fe is one of the heavy metals that are harmful if levels exceed the thres hold. This material is often found in waste output streams, both industrial waste and house hold waste. The presence of iron in the water is a thing to watch out for and be considered because of its toxic if it enters in to the human body. To reduce the concentration of these metals Fe, an alternative that can be used is by adsorption process using zeolite 4A synthesized from fly ash of oil palm. The method used in the Fe metal adsorption process is a batch method. This study begins with the equilibrium curve to determine the optimum contact time. Analysis of adsorption results performed by AAS. The parameters used in this study is the initial concentration of 100 ppm, the stirring speed of 150 rpm, a dose of 1 gram of zeolite 4A, the variation in pH of the solution (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C). Results showed that the time to achieve the equilibrium state for 4 hours, with the highest percentage of adsorbed Fe is 98.0% of 100 ppm metal Fe(II) is used, the optimum operating conditionsare at pH 6 and room temperature (≈ 30oC).
ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METHYLENE BLUE MENGGUNAKAN ABU TERBANG BATU BARA (FLY ASH) DENGAN VARIASI UKURAN ADSORBEN DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(2015-12-12) Putra, F. P.; Aman; Drastinawati
Use of Methylene Blue as a main ingredient in the dye becomes a problem for environmental pollution. It also occurs in the use of coal as fuel is increasing linearly who will be directly proportional to the fly ash waste generated. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of adsorbent size and the speed of stirring. Adsorption of Methylene Blue performed by mixing with coal fly ash on the condition of adsorbent size (> 100 and 100- 200) mesh and stirring speed (160, 180, 200, 220 and 240) rpm. Adsorption results were analyzed by using a spectrophotometer, the optimum conditions obtained capacities variation of fly ash on the adsorbent is 100-200 mesh size and the optimum conditions capacities fly ash at variable speed is 180 rpm. Adsorption shows a decrease in the power jerap fly ash Methylene Blue dye from the initial 10 mg / g adsorbent to 0.666 mg / g of adsorbent.
Biodiesel dari Limbah Ikan Baung (Mystus Nemurus) dengan Katalis Padat H-Zeolit
(2013-08-28) Sartoni, Hadyan; Bahri Syaiful; Sunarno
Biodiesel is an alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from fatty material such as animal fat. A research synthesis of biodiesel from waste fish oil of baung into biodiesel with a solid H-zeolite catalyst. In this research review of physical properties (density, viscosity and acid number), analyzing the chemical content of biodiesel, the influence of the molar ratio of methanol to fish oil baung the percentage of conversion and optimal transesterification catalyst in the transesterification reaction in biodiesel synthesis. 50 grams of fish oil, versus 1:6 methanol to oil molar, catalyst 10% of the weight of oil input into the biodiesel reactor and then the process of biodiesel synthesis performed on the operating conditions of 60 ° C temperature and stirring speed of 200 rpm for 200 minutes. The results showed that the optimum conversion catalyst with 10% methanol 1:5 molar ratio that is equal to 87.02%. Physical test results obtained by the density of 890 kg/m3, 5.48 cSt viscosity, acid number 0.7013 mg-koh/gr sample. Results of analysis of chemical constituents by GC-MS, obtained the dominant component in the catalyst biodiesel with 10% methanol 1:5 molar ratio was 51.03% oleic methyl ester, methyl ester palmitic 18.76%, 9.50% linoleic methyl ester, 4.46% stearic acid methyl ester, methyl ester 2.00% elaidic. Results obtained have characteristics approaching the characteristics of biodiesel Indonesian National Standard (SNI).
CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS CANGKANG SAWIT MENJADI BIO-OIL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS LEMPUNG DESA CENGAR
(2013-03-21) Manopo, Axl Maya; Bahri Syaiful; Sunarno
The demand of fossil fuel is increasing each year. On the other hand, the availability of conventional petroleum fuels diminishing due to its non-renewable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new alternative fuel that can be renewed, one of the solution is the processing of biomass into bio-oil. Bio-oil is a result of the pyrolysis of biomass. Availability of abundant palm shell waste is converted into bio-oil by pyrolysis method using clay catalysts Cengar. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the catalyst to produce bio-oil, characterize the density, viscosity, acid number, and flash point of bio-oil that produced, as well as analyze the chemical components of bio-oil by GC-MS. Pyrolysis of palm shells with clay catalyst from Cengar in the reactor slurry do by feeding 50 grams of palm shell with the size -40 +60 mesh, silinap 500 ml, variation in levels of catalyst 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% w/w of the feedstock, stirring speed is set to 300 rpm, 320oC temperature, and the process runs for 120 minutes. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained on 2% clay catalyst, amounting to 72,20%. The test results obtained by the physical properties of density 0,981 g/ml, 98,002 cSt viscosity, acid number of 51.55 gr NaOH/gr sample. The result of chemical analysis by GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil was 10,38% 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 9,67% Cyclohexane, 10,33% 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexene, and 15,30% Phenol.
Delignifikasi Batang Jagung dengan Proses Organosolv Menggunakan Pelarut Asam Formiat
(2013-07-19) Puspitasari, Shelviana Hanika; Zulfansyah
Corn stalk is agricultural solid waste which has not been utilized to the optimum. So far only used for fodder and green manure. Corn stalk delignification experiments intended to study the possibility of utilization of corn stalks as an alternative raw material for the pulp industry, as well as to determine the reliability of formic acid as a medium delignification fractionation and corn stalks in the organosolv process. Corn stalk delignification experiment is carried out at a laboratory scale batch. Experimental variables studied, the concentration of formic acid 70; 80; 90% by weight, the reaction time of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180 minutes and the ratio of liquid-solid 10/1, with a catalyst concentration of 0.2% hydrochloric acid. The experimental results showed that the corn stalks can be used as a pulp with organosolv process and produce pulp yield from 31.88 to 47.01% and from 10 to 14.31% pulp lignin content, which varies according to the condition of the experimental data with the level of compliance with the model exceeds 95% (R-square> 95%). The whole process variables influential in yield and lignin content, and the quality of the resulting pulp pulp industry standards.
Effect Of Stirring Speed And Molar Ratio In Process Plasticizer Isobutyl Stearate
(2013-07-16) Qaulan, Salamun; Nirwana; Irdoni
Production of vegetable oils such as CPO (Crude Palm Oil) increased from year to year, but towards the development of non-food products is still limited one of which is the plasticizer. Plasticizer production of vegetable oil is still very little, it is necessary to the development of vegetable oil-based plasticizers. Plasticizer is an organic solvent with a high boiling point or a solid with a low melting point. Vegetable oil plasticizers can be synthesized by esterification using an acid catalyst. The purpose of this study is to Make isobutyl stearate plasticizers by esterification using H-zeolite catalyst and Studying the effect of stirring speed and the molar ratio of stearic acid esterification and isobutanol. In this study the synthesis of plasticizers isobutyl stearate esterification using natural zeolite catalysts activated to H-zeolite with a variable speed to vary is stirring (150, 175, and 200 rpm) and the molar ratio of stearic acid with isobutanol (1:4, 1 : 6, and 1:9) with a fixed variable is 98-1020C temperature, long reaction time of 360 minutes and as much as 15% catalyst based stearic acid. From the test results showed that the rate of stirring and the molar ratio of plasticizer effect on the synthesis of isobutyl stearate. Optimal operating conditions were obtained at stirring speed 175 rpm and with a 1:9 molar ratio of 70.8% mol conversion reaction. Characteristics of plasticizers that found only one that meets that standard commercial plasticizers specific gravity of 0.85
THE EFFECT OF TIME REACTION AND ZEOLIT CATALYST COMPOSITION ON SYNTHESIS OF PLASTICIZER FROM WASTE OF PATIN FISH OIL WITH ISOPROPANOL
(2013-07-16) Irawati, Dona; HS Irdoni; Nirwana
Year by year, the used of plasticizer in the world has been improving, where the raw material that is mostly used comes from petroleum. However, the continuing degradation of petroleum reserve demands the plasticizer industry to find alternative sources. One of alternative sources that can be used is the waste of “Patin” fish oil. The process of making plasticizer from this alternative material is conducted by transesterificating the fish oil with isoprophanol and H-Zeolit catalyst. This experiment is made by using the agitated reactor. The agitation speed is around 175rpm and the temperature is 79-80C. The reaction time is around (4, 5, and 6 hours) with catalyst composition is around (5; 10; 15% of the total weight). The highest conversion resulted is 76, 87%, the reaction time is 6 hours, and the composition of catalyst is 15%. This result of transesterization is tested by using GCMS method. The result show that there is no main ester product found as expected, but it results isopropyl stearat 0,52%.
Efisiensi Penyisihan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Limbah Cair Pabrik Sagu Menggunakan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pada Kondisi Tunak Dengan Variabel Laju Pembebanan Organik
(2012-10-23) kusuma, Yatri lestyana; Ahmad Adrianto; Yelmida
Meranti Islands producing sago 450.000 tons / year. In producing one ton of sago need 20.000 liters of water, so the water can be estimated in need 9 million kl of water / year, of which 94% of the water would be liquid waste, so the wastewater generated in the production of sago approximately 8.46 million kl of water / year or 23.000 kl of water / day. Liquid waste has a high concentration of COD, this causes the dissolved oxygen content in the water is low. One way to lower the COD concentration by using hybrid anaerobic bioreactor. The purpose of this research is to set aside a COD removal efficiency of COD and determine optimal treatment of sago wastewater on the conditions of steady state.Volume hybrid bioreactor used in this study is equal to 10 L with dimensions of length 40 cm, width 26 cm, height 24 cm. Do variations in organic loading rate is 12.5 kgCOD/m3day a flow rate of 2.5 L / day; 16.7 kgCOD/m3 day a flow rate of 3.3 L / day, 25 kgCOD/m3day a flow rate of 5 L / day; 50 kgCOD/m3day with a flow rate of 10 L / day. Each organic loading rate operated until steady state is obtained based on the data of COD. The results showed that the COD removal efficiency obtained at the operation site organic loading rate of 12.5 kgCOD/m3day by 90%. Thus, the design of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor system mediated stones can be realized to create a technology that is used to treat waste effectively and efficiently.
EFISIENSI PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN PADATAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK SAGU MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR HIBRID ANAEROB DENGAN VARIABEL LAJU ALIR
(2013-02-09) Iqbal, Muhammad; Ahmad Adrianto; HS Irdoni
Increased production of sago starch production increases causing waste in the form of solid waste and liquid waste. Sago starch processing waste liquid 94% -97% and directly channeled into the waters surrounding the treatment process. Sago effluent average yield of dissolved organic compounds, solids and waste acidic concentration through the standard. Solids is one of the parameters to measure water pollution. The concentration of dissolved solids sago factory effluent was 3.76 g/L, while the concentration of the raw quality is 0.1 g/L. This study aims to reduce the solids content in the effluent using sago starch factory wastewater as substrate performed anaerobically using anaerobic hybrid bioreactor mediated by stones. Hybrid anaerobic bioreactor is a combination between the suspended growth and attached growth system using a stone as a medium of cell immobilization. Working volume was 10 L reactor with a variation of the feed flow rate is 2.5 L/day, 3.3 L/day, 5L/day and 10 L/day. Parameters observed in this research is TS, TSS, TVS and VSS were analyzed by gravimetric methods. The results of this study indicate that the efficiency of TSS at a flow rate of 2.5 L / day is 46.87%, 3.3 L /day is 62.49%, 5 L/day is 59.04% and 10 L /day is 44.89%. Optimum flow rate for the provision of wastewater solids sago plant is the flow rate 5 L/hr. These results indicate that the hybrid anaerobic bioreactor mediated by stones can reduce the solids content of sago wastewater plant but did not reach the quality standards specified value.
Ekstraksi Sawit Off-grade Menggunakan Metode Artisanal
(2013-08-26) Nugroho, Dian Agung; Zulfansyah; Helwani Zuchra
Sorting systems at oil mills produce off-grade oil palm (palm fruit maturity beyond grade). Off-grade oil palm produced in Riau province estimated 437 – 625 tons / hour. Processing off-grade oil palm will only produce Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which has low quality. Therefore we need an appropriate technology to process off-grade oil palm to make it more economically valuable. Oil extraction method consists of traditional methods, artisanal methods and conventional methods. Artisanal method requires only simple technology and aims for obtain maximum yield. Presses a tool used in this study is Spindle hydraulic press. Off-grade oil palm steamed in a sterilizer unit using a variety of steaming time 120 minutes, 180 minutes, and 240 minutes. Once the steaming time is reached, the fruit of steaming pressed by using a variation of pressure 10 bars, 20 bars, and 30 bars. During hot pressing water added as much as 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Data analysis that yields, levels of free fatty acids (FFA), moisture content, and the content of impurities. The data were analyzed using the response surface method (RSM). Obtained the maximum yield is 13.18% with levels of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) 21.54%, water content 6.41%, and 1.59% levels of impurities when using sterilization time of 120 minutes, pengepress pressure of 30 bar, and the addition of 15% of hot water.
EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA DARI KULIT MANGGIS
(2012-10-29) Bernad, Cameron; Yenie Elvie; Heltina Desi
Dyes have long been used in food and beverages to improve the appearance of food products. At first, the dyes used are natural dyes from plants and animals. One of the plants that can be used as a dyes source is mangosteen, where the dyes comes from the skin of the mangosteen fruit. There are several methods of extraction for mangosteen skin extract. One of them soxlhetation. Soxlhetation is an immersion method of sample extraction with repeated continuously over time, where the solvent was evaporated and condensed to immers the sample. The purpose of this study was to determine and study the optimum solvent and the optimum time for mangosteen skin extract of soxlhetation method and calculate the yield of mangosteen peel extract. Solvents used 96% ethanol, 96% methanol and ethyl acetate with a variety of 3, 4, and 5 hours for each solvent. Of the three solvents, the highest yield obtained in the solvent methanol and the optimum time was 4 hours. The highest yield was 14.67%.
ESTERIFIKASI PFAD (PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE) MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT DENGAN VARIABEL SUHU REAKSI DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(2012-10-30) Karunia, Antonia Frenny; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Petroleum fuel requirement for future always increase but still little alternative energy to make balance. Therefore, it’s important to research alternative energy for fuel substitution of petroleum. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is raw material that have big potency to produce alternative energy, one of alternative energy is biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the alternative source substitution to made diesel oil that use reaction of vegetation oil esterification. Esterification is reaction of free fatty acid (FFA) with alcohol to form metil ester (biodiesel) and water. Esterification PFAD use H-Zeolit that preparation of natural zeolites, alcohol that used for esterification reaction is methanol. The change variable of esterification PFAD that use are reaction temperatur ( 600C ; 650C ; 700C) and the mixer speed (100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm) and for fixed variable are ratio of molar PFAD : methanol is 1:5 and heavy ratio H-Zeolit catalyst is 15 % (basic PFAD). Biodisel which result will be analyse viscosity kinematic, density, cloud point, flash point, and cetane number. This research got highest reaction conversion when temperatur reaction is 650C and the mixer speed is 300 rpm that is 38,37 %.
ESTERIFIKASI PFAD (PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE) MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT DENGAN VARIABEL WAKTU REAKSI DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(2012-10-30) Silitonga, James; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Requirement of petroleum for future always increase suitable with development that happened in Indonesia. But, if we realize, in the reality not enough existing petroleum reserve to fulfill requirement in the future. Therefore, from this time important to think of alternative energy that able to be developed as substitution. Petroleum is fossil fuel which can not to be innovated. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is raw material that have big potency to making biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the alternative source substitution to made diesel oil that use reaction of vegetation oil esterification. Esterification is reaction of free fat acid with alcohol to form ester and water. Esterification PFAD use H-Zeolit that preparation of natural zeolites, alcohol which used for esterification reaction is methanol. Esterification PFAD variable is time reaction ( 30 minute, 60 minute and 90 minute), the mixer speed (100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm), ratio of molar PFAD : methanol of 1:5 and heavy ratio H-Zeolit catalyst is 15 % (basic PFAD). Biodisel which result will be analyse viscosity kinematic, density, cloud point, flash point, and cetane number. This research got highest reaction conversion when reaction of 60 minute and mixer speed is 300 rpm that is 39,26 %.
Evaluasi Kinerja Kompor Gasifikasi Forced Draft
(Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Indonesia dan Musyawarah Nasional APTEKINDO 2012, 2012) Hermanto; Zulfansyah; Fermi Muhammad Iwan
The availability of biomass as a source of primary energy in Indonesia is very abundant, reaching 280 million barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) and approximately 84% of the biomass has been used for the household sector. The application of gasification stove especially in cooking purposes can increase the efficiency of fuel usage. This research uses three units gasification stove with dimension stove 1 (H1 = 16 cm , D1 = 10 cm); stove 2 (H2 = 16 cm, D2 = 12 cm) and stove 3 (H3 = 20 cm, D3 = 12 cm). While the fuel was branches of acacia wood with moisture content 7.26%, 9.63% and 12.58%. Procedure water boiling test (WBT) was used to evaluating stove performance. Additional parameter such as operating time and flame temperature of the stove is including in evaluation of stove performance. The experimental results obtained average start up time is to 2 minutes and operating time of gasification stove reach to 32 minutes. Thermal efficiency of the forced draft gasification stove is approximately 25.03% to 30.44%, with the highest efficiency is on the stove with 12 cm diameter, 16 cm high and fuel with 9.63% biomass moisture content. Although the resulting flame is reddish yellow, but the forced draft gasification stove capable of producing up to 3.43 kWth thermal energy with the highest flame temperature reaches 933OC. The results show that the gasification stove operating conditions greatly affect the performance of the stove.
FABRIKASI TRI KALSIUM FOSFAT MENGGUNAKAN WHEAT PARTICLES SEBAGAI AGEN PEMBENTUK PORI
(2013-07-26) Dani, F; A. Fadli; Bahruddin
The present work reports a simple process for fabrication of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics from aqueous powder slurries using wheat particles as pore forming agent. Wheat particles incorporated in aqueous TCP slurries rapidly absorb water on heating and transform it into a strong gel. The dried green bodies showed shrinkage in the range 53,22-55,87%. Removal of the pore former followed by sintering at 1000 and 1100˚C produced TCP bodies with porosity 59,48–78,40% and compressive strength 0,30-2,53 MPa.
FERMENTASI NIRA NIPAH (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) MENJADI BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN KHAMIR Pichia stipitis DALAM BIOFLO 2000 FERMENTOR
(2013-01-09) Jenova, Febrio; Chairul; Hafidawati
World ethanol consumption for various use has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore it is necessary to have an alternative source of raw material for the production of bioethanol that can be improved. Nypa sap is one of the potential materials to be processed into bioethanol. Availability of land large enough nypa in Indonesia as well as a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) making nypa sap is a potential to be processed into bioethanol. Through the process of fermentation using yeast Pichia stipitis, glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Preparation of starter do with the yeast Pichia stipitis inoculum in the fermentation medium so that the yeast is able to adapt and ready for fermentation. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 8 liters of fermentation medium, starter volume variation of 10%, 15%, 20%, and variations of fermentation time 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The degree of acidity of the fermentation medium is maintained at pH 4.5, stirring speed 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature. Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using alcoholmeter. The fermentation process is shown in optimum condition starter volume increase of 20% and a fermentation time of 48 hours with initial sugar concentration of 150.999 mg / ml. The concentration of ethanol obtained in this condition is 9% (v / v) or 71.037 mg / ml with the acquisition of 92.244% yield.
Fermentasi nira nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) menjadi bioetanol menggunakan kombinasi ragi Pichia stipitis dan Saccharomyces cereviceae dalam BIOFLO 2000 FERMENTOR
(2012-11-01) Antoni, Riki
Indonesian palm forest land has a very broad (973,205.54 ha) spread on the island of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Irian Jaya. Ethanol consumption of the world for a variety of uses has increased very significantly in recent years. Nipa sap is one of potential materials to be processed into bioethanol. Availability of nypa palm land in Indonesia and a fairly high sugar content (15-17%) makes nipa sap has the potential to be processed into bioethanol. Fermentation of palm sap using a combination of yeast Saccharomyces and Pichia stipitis cereviceae with starter volume variation of 10%, 15%, 20% and fermentation time variation of 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 hours to determine the effect on bioethanol yield, the use of substrates and growth phase combination of yeast Saccharomyces and Pichia stipitis cereviceae. The degree of acidity of the fermentation medium is maintained at pH 4,5, stirring speed of 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25 - 30 0C). Ethanol concentrations were analyzed using alkoholmeter. The process of optimum fermentation conditions indicated in the addition of 20% volume starter and fermentation time of 48 hours of the initial sugar concentration of 193,382 mg/ml. Bioethanol concentration obtained in this condition is 12% (v/v) or 94,716 mg/ml with the acquisition of 95,849% yield.
Fermentasi Nira Nipah Kental Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Saccharomices Cerevisiae
(2013-05-27) Yuanita, Helnanda; Chairul; Peratenta Maria
Energy is of particular concern because of the increasingly limited availability so encouraged to find alternative energy. Which has great potential in the new and renewable energy sources are palm sap. Availability of land large enough palm in Indonesia as well as a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) making palm sap is a potential to be processed into bioethanol. Through the process of fermentation using yeast Saccharomices cerevisiae, glucose is converted into ethanol. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 150 ml fermentation medium and the volume of 15% with a variation starter fermentation time 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours and viscosity variations palm sap fifth evaporation, 2/5 evaporation and 3/5 of evaporation. Initial fermentation medium acidity at pH 5 and a temperature of fermentation at room temperature. Ethanol concentration was analyzed by using alkoholmeter. The fermentation process is shown in optimum viscosity 3/5 evaporation and fermentation time of 48 hours with ethanol concentration obtained was 94.716 mg / ml.
Fermentasi Nira Nipah Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Sacharomyces cereviceae Pada Fermentor 70 Liter
(2013-03-20) Abdullah, Muhammad Irsyad; Chairul; Yenti Silvia Reni
Ethanol consumption of the world for a variety of uses has increased very significantly in recent years. Therefore it is necessary to alternate sources of raw materials to manufacture bioethanol and bioethanol production can be increased. Nipa sap is one of potential materials to be processed into bioethanol. Availability of nypa palm land in Indonesia and a fairly high sugar content (15-20%) makes nipa sap has the potential to be processed into bioethanol, so that produce an useful and high valuable product and then in education, that is give data process fermentation of nipa sap with comparison of pH and scale of fermentation. Through a fermentation process using yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae, glucose is converted into bioethanol and carbon dioxide. Starter preparation is done by the yeast Saccharomyces cereviceae inoculum in the 10% of fermentation medium so that yeast is able to adapt and ready for fermentation. Fermentation takes place in batches with a volume of 50 liters of fermentation medium, variations in the pH 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and variations of fermentation time of 24, 36, 48, 60 dan 72 hours. The stirring speed of 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25 - 30 0C). Ethanol concentrations were analyzed using alkoholmeter. The process of optimum fermentation conditions indicated in the addition of starter pH 4,5 and fermentation time of 36 hours of the initial sugar concentration of 221,163 mg/ml. Bioethanol concentration obtained in this condition is 14% (v/v) or 112,793 mg/ml with the acquisition of 97,969% yield.
Fermentasi Nira Nipah Skala 50 Liter Menjadi Bioetanol Menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
(2013-06-27) Umaiyah, Ade Sri; Chairul; Yenti Silvia Reni
One of the natural resources that can be utilized alternative into bioethanol is palm sap. Preparation stater done by culturing medium Saccharomyces cereviseae as developer on 10% yeast fermentation medium thus able to adapt and be ready to do the fermentation. This study aims to make bioethanol from palm sap 50-liter scale with variations in pH 4,5; 5 and 5,5 and fermentation time 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours.. Batch fermentation process takes place with a stirring speed of 200 rpm and temperature of fermentation at room temperature (25-300C). The optimum fermentation conditions indicated on the initial conditions of pH 4,5 and fermentation time of 48 hours the acquisition of or 9% .

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