2. Seminar Nasional Pelestarian Lingkungan (SENPLING) 2017

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Analisa Investasi Penyediaan Air Minum Dengan Skema Public Private Partnership Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir
(2018-03-15) Surya, Roberta Zulfhi
Construction of water supply system has been implemented Indragiri Hilir District need of founds as much as Rp. 750 billion. The cost is only partially physical labor can build transmission and distribution networks in 12 service zone. Therefore, the government plans to continue the development project. In the government's development plan includes an investor to reduce sourced financing from the state budget. In this study, the system will analyze the cooperation undertaken by making 2 schemes and each of these schemes will be analyzed in the economy that is based on net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and benefit cost ratio (BCR). The first scheme is Private sector will be invest 100% and the secound scheme private and government share as much as 50:50. Economic analysis is performed on the first scheme is NPV= 4.209.929.914.922, BCR Rp.2,816, IRR= 19% and the secound scheme is NPV= 747.863.471.402, BCR =1,548 dan IRR 14%.
Analisis Pendapatan Dan Kelayakan Usahatani Padi Sawah Di Desa Mukti Jaya Kecamatan Rimba Melintang Kabupaten Rokan Hilir Provinsi Riau
(2018-02-12) Desvita, Yenny
This study aims to determine the magnitude of rice farm income and feasibility of rice farming in Mukti Jaya village, Rimba melintang Distric, Rokan Hilir regency, Riau province. The number of sample farmers in the study was 110 people. The analysis used income analysis and feasibility analysis. The analysis showed that average rice production is 4.403,63 kg and the average revenue received by farmer is Rp.20.681.454,50/ha/MT and total cost is Rp.7.534.069,69/ha/MT so as to obtain a farm income of Rp.13.147.384,85/ha/MT with R/C value = 2,74 showed that R/C > 1, farming profitable (additional benefits or receipts greater than the additional cost)
Analisis Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Kampar Bagian Hulu
(2018-04-10) Irianti, Mitri; Nasrul, Besri; Idwar, Idwar
The upstream of Kamparwatershed represent the part of Siak Watershed in the Province of Riau which has been degradated.This research aims to determine the location, wide, and degree of the land criticality according to the erosion hazard level in the upstream of Kampar watershed. So the research can determine the way, type, and priorities of watershed management. This research used survey method and laboratory analysis of soil samples. The survey was done by observing the land use and conservation applied to the land unit. The data collected were rainfall, soil characteristics, slopes, crop management, and land conservation techniques. The obtained data were analyzed using the USLE formulation to define the erosion hazard level of the upstream Kampar watershed. The results found that the erosion of the upstream Kampar watershedis in the high category. The best practices to reduce the level of erosion hazard in the upstream Kampar watershed are improving the crop management and land conservation techniques in an integrated manner on each land unit.
Aplikasi Beberapa Pestisida Nabati Dan Agens Hayati Untuk Medapatkan Benih Cabai Merah Yang Berkualitas
(2018-03-12) Swastika, Sri; Yusuf, Rachmiwati
In chili farming (Capsicum annuum L.) the use of low quality seeds will result in a low percentage of germination, less tolerant of abiotic stress and more sensitive to plant diseases. The research conducted with literature review that is looking for references through secondary data collection that is data obtained from journals, books, documentation, and internet. Treatment of seeds such as priming, coating, pelleting, etc. to enhance germination and protect seeds from pests and diseases. Treatment of chili seeds with matriconditioning plus 0.1% clove oil is effective for increasing vigor and seed saving and reducing the percentage of contamination of Colletotrichum capsici, the cause of anthracnose disease in chili seeds. Biopriming of chili seed with Bacillus polymixa BG25 or Pseudomonas fluorescence PG01 effectively decreased the incidence of anthracnose disease from 81% in infected seed to 9%. Treatment of the Bacillus subtilis AH18 and Bacillus licheniformis K11 formulas is also known to decrease the infected Phytophthora infestation in the field. Seed treatment with botanical pesticides or biological agents as bioprotectants has been shown to control the pathogen carrying the seeds, so that healthy seeds can be obtained to increase seed vigor and the production
Aspek Kearifan Lokal Tanah Adat Dalam Pelestarian Lingkungan
(2018-03-12) Thamrin, Husni
One of the ironies of the development of human civilization is the development and modernization is intended to improve the quality of human life, but it is more often the presence of people become victims of development and modernization. More ironically, land and indigenous peoples are victims of an anthropocentric perspective and government policies that do not favor the local community.This is attributable to several factors: First, the ideology of developmentalism does not incorporate local wisdom, especially regarding indigenous land policy and management and wealth preservation socio-economic-cultural as an integral part of all development programs. In the ideology of developmentalism traditionalism is the opposite of modernization so that all that is traditional, including indigenous lands rich culture and local wisdom considered adaptive in the times. Second, misperceptions people who think the indigenous people of Rokan Hilir as a destroyer of the environment that must be removed or relocated in order to save the environment. Yet, precisely Rokan Hilir indigenous peoples are the guardians of the environment from the invasion and destruction by outside communities, immigrant communities. Third, the nature only in terms of economic value, so that the release of the entire ecological value, the local political, social, cultural, spiritual and moral associated with customary land and the lives of indigenous peoples in the surrounding. Exploit indigenous lands and natural resources for the purpose of economic development and seen off as not have negative consequences for the existence of the indigenous population. Fourth, modernization and progress of civilization seen and measured primarily by the quality of the physical-economic-capitalistic. To improve the socio-economic level of local communities, especially the Malays must be returned to the ethical values of indigenous peoples. Socio-economic rights of indigenous peoples should be recognized and guaranteed by the government. There must be political commitment at global and national levels to protect the land rights of indigenous peoples and all the wisdom of socioeconomic Through paradigm approach eco-culture is to save the existence of indigenous land as a factor supporting economic activity and all the wealth and wisdom of traditional, it can also be save the ecological crisis is mainly caused by faulty worldview that policy makers anthropocentric-capitalistic paradigm should be changed to eco-culture perspective
Dampak Fisik Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Untuk Budidaya Nenas Di Desa Rimbo Panjang Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar
(2018-04-02) Darlis, Viny Volcherina; Armaini, Armaini
The area of peatlands in Rimbo Panjang Village is 83.81% of the total area. This land has been managed for various designations, including for the cultivation of pineapple farming. It is important to know whether the peat allocation for pineapple cultivation has impacts or not on the characteristics of peat, such as changes in physical properties, as it relates to peatland life as a resource. The method used is survey, laboratory test and field observation. Further observed differences in physical properties of peat by comparing the peat that has not been utilized with peat managed for pineapple cultivation. The results show that there has been a decrease of peat in the cultivation area of 138.75 cm because of rapid decomposition, saprik peat maturity, water level varies and drainage drainage dries up. It is advisable to apply peatland preservation to extend the lifetime of peatland
Dampak Pemanfaatan Danau Bandar Kayangan Pekanbaru Dan Strategi Pengelolaan Keramba Jaring Apung (Kja) Secara Berkelanjutan
(2018-04-02) Nurmayani, Nurmayani; Sukendi, Sukendi; Thamrin, Thamrin
This research was conducted in 2013, in the waters of Lake Bandar Kayangan Samar Valley subdistrict Rumbai Pesisir city of Pekanbaru Riau Province. This study aims to analyze the extent of the tolerance of the quality of Lake Kayangan waters to fish farming (KJA) compared to the Standard Quality of PP No.82 of 2001 and analyze people activities around Bandar Kayangan Lake which led to the polluted waters as a result of daily activities. The method used is an experimental method by observing and measuring sample directly on rearing cages measure 1x1x1 m. Patin fries were stocked at the age of two weeks with the number ( 50 fries ) and 3 months time of rearing. Three units of cages were placed at each station that has been determined and Rumbai Freshwater Cultured Installation pond as control. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically, the descriptive analysis performed on physical and chemical parameters of water based on PP No. 82 year 2001 and was associated with the growth and survival of Patin fry. Statistical analysis is using Analysis of Variance ( ANOVA ) and completely randomized design ( CRD ) with treatment of 3 times repetition. Growth and survival of Patin fry on each station were quite well where the average growth of absolute weight between 35.43-36.20 grams, the average growth rate of daily weight between 5.602-5.782%, the average of absolute growth inlength between13,61-14.10 cm, the average of daily growth in length between 2.285 - 2.321% and the survival rate between56-79%. The waters of Lake Bandar Kayangan is a waters that are so important for the life of people around Lake Bandar Kayangan especially for fish farming in Keramba Floating Net (KJA). The fish are nila fish, mas and gurami. From the results of interviews of researchers to the community around Lake Bandar Kayangan only certain types of fish are able to survive, this is due to the quality of water at Lake Bandar Kayangan can not be tolerated by other fish. But when the researchers tested the catfish seeds, the catfish still survive.
Daya Dukung Habitat Gajah Sumatera (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus Temminck) Di Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo Provinsi Riau
(2018-04-02) Yoza, Defri; Siregar, Yusni Ikhwan
The same land use between elephants and humans results in elephant conflict with humans. This study aims to determine the Sumatran elephant population and the carrying capacity of the Sumatran elephant feed in the area of Tesso Nilo National Park, Riau Province. This research was conducted by using Purposive Sampling method by determining elephant position on path, determination of sample plot of Sumatran elephant feed location and collecting of bearing capacity of Sumatran elephant. The data obtained are vegetation composition (species density, species type, species dominance), Important Value Index (INP), Type Diversity, Feed Biomass, food Capacity and Habitat Support capacity. Based on the inventory and data from WWF, in Lubuk Kembang Bung gaa Village there are 2 groups of Sumatran elephants with a total of 120-130 heads. The results showed that the availability of feed in 1 Ha area in Tesso Nilo National Park is sufficient for 0,5 heads of Sumatran elephant. One head elephant need 2 ha for feed
Efisiensi Energi Pada Bandara Fatmawati Soekarno Bengkulu
(2018-04-03) Roilan, Roilan
The efficiency of energy utilization at the airport should be increased, it is expected that the budget savings from the airport management of this energy savings, so that the budget saved can be used for other purposes such as welfare of employees, reforestation and improvement of other facilities, the airport management should think about how To save energy usage, by saving this energy also besides save cost also can keep environment. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) number 13 of 2012 on Electricity Energy Saving Measures clearly states that all government office buildings either at the central or regional levels must implement the Energy Saving program. In general, in almost all public services in Indonesia, energy consumption is quite wasteful. The room is often left in a state of light, the AC is on, not to mention the habit of using electrical and electronic equipment. Energy used in airport environments such as electricity consumption, air conditioning (AC) and others should be saved in short-term, medium-term usage especially for the long term. In addition, alternative energy must be sought for sustainable airport management. It is expected that energy consumption can be reduced in airport operation in order to prevent greenhouse gas emissions. Energy usage is seen from the efficiency of energy usage in the airport area. Whether in accordance with the utilization or the waste that resulted in the magnitude of the impact of excessive energy use. There are several rules made by the Government in energy conservation efforts, such as Presidential Instruction No. 13 of 2011 on Energy and Water Saving. These instructions mandate the Government institutions to undertake measures and innovations in energy and water savings, and form a Task Team for Energy and Water Saving Tasks To oversee the implementation of such energy savings. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 13 of 2012 on Electricity Saving Conservation This regulation provides more detailed guidance on how to implement the energy savings referred to in Presidential Instruction 13/2011. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 14/2012 on Energy Management In an effort to provide more integrated energy saving directives, this Regulation is issued to regulate the implementation of Energy Management, which is specifically required for users of energy sources that use energy greater than or equal to 6,000 toes per year. While energy users under 6,000 toe (Ton Oil Equivalent), it is still recommended to implement Energy Management (or energy savings).
Emisi Co2 Dari Sektor Pembangkit Daya Listrik Di Indonesia Dan Peluang Reduksinya
(2018-03-01) Gunawan, Teuku Johar
Global warming has been an international concern due to its impact to environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been a key measure of GHG (greenhouse gas) emission from anthropogenic activities such as from industrial emission. International efforts has been focused to reduce emission of these contributing gases. Indonesia as a developing country has growing energy demand as other developing countries. While energy is a vital requirement as part of development in Indonesia, at the same time this sector has been one of major emitter of anthropogenic CO2 in Indonesia and an update on emission of CO2 in this sector is needed. This paper analyze energy sector of power generation (electricity generation) within period of 2000 to 2015 in Indonesia and the emission of CO2 associated. The result is presented in term of temporal profile of power production with main focus on steam power plant type with various fuel consumed. It was found that within 15 years span under reviewed the focus of power generation is still heavily reliance on non renewable based fuel especially coal with average % increase within the period around 7 %. Associated emission was analyzed using emission factor method and the opportunity for reduction with biofixation was identified and discussed. The result of this review is a useful support for a baseline of economic valuation of CO2 biofixation using Chlorella pyrenoidosa later on.
Estimasi Serapan Co2 Pada Arboretum Universitas Riau
(2018-04-03) Wulandari, Sri; Suwondo, Suwondo; Nursal, Nursal; Casther, Casther
This study was conducted to determine the estimation CO2 absorption in the arboretum Riau University. The method used is purposive random sampling by considering the condition of vegetation and topography. The research parameters were: (1) vegetation analysis; (2) carbon stock and (3) CO2 absorption. Vegetation of trees in the arboretum Riau University has 25 family, 44 species and 604 individuals with average density of 55.26 ind / ha, frequency average of 8.48, average dominance of 10.66 m2 / ha, and the average diversity index of 2. 94 with medium category. The most important tree species in absorbing CO2 is Hevea brasiliensis of 0.51 ton / ha. Total carbon reserves of 1.12 tons / ha and CO2 uptake of 4.11 tons / ha. With an arboretum area of the University of Riau ± 10 ha then the absorption of CO2 that occurs is 41.1 tons
Evaluasi Kebisingan Lalu Lintas Di Kota Pekanbaru
(wahyu sari yeni, 2018-07-13) Hasan, Indra; Erwin, Erwin; Zulkarnaini, Zulkarnaini; Isranuri, Isranuri
Noise is unwanted sound that might be disturbing public life especially in urban area. Pekanbaru is one of big city in Indonesia. The rapid increase of economic growth will impact to the number of vehicles that cross over the roads. The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenon of traffic noise sourced by vehicle. The measurements were performed to the eight of main roads in Pekanbaru city. And the result showed the traffic noise which exceeded the threshold of public health. Preventive action should be conducted to mitigate the noise pollution.
Evaluasi rasio nilai c/n dan lignin pada proses degradasi Tandan kosong kelapa sawit menggunakan jamur pelapuk Putih
(2018-03-01) Yenie, Elvi; Utami, Syelvia Putri
Uncontrolled disposal of empty fruit bunches (TKKS) on the land surrounding the palm oil mill leads to anaerobic decomposition or large-scale decomposition processes. Gases that pollute atmospheres such as CH4, H2S, NH3, and Nox gas can be produced from decomposition processes of TKKS and leachate production resulting in contamination of groundwater and surface water. Globally these gases cause greenhouse effect, whereas locally can cause odor and impact of health. Seeing the potential of the amount that every hour of production as solid waste and the impact of environmental pollution then waste TKKS must be managed wisely. In this study, the evaluation of C/N and lignin values as an indicator of degradation of TKKS waste by white fungus mushroom is mushroom (Volvariella volvacea). This study it can be concluded that there is a linear relationship in the degradation process by the fungus (Volvariella volvacea) in the empty fruit bunches between the percentage value of lignin degradation and the C / N ratio for 25 days of fungal growth. Mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) as a white root fungi mushroom can be used to speed up the process of degradation of empty fruit bunches
Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Deforestasi Hutan Di Provinsi Riau
(2018-04-02) Eriyati, Eriyati; Rosyetti, Rosyetti
This research is conducted in Riau province. The aim of this research is to depict and knowing deforestation factors in Riau province. This research contains primary and secondary data. Secondary data comes from some institutions. They are Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS), Forestry Department, plantation. Writer used quantitative descriptive with multiple linear regression to analyze the data. The result shows palm plantation area, PDRB, the increasing number of population every year, while the most significant factors of deforestation is wood extraction
Fitoreremediasi Pb Dan Zn Di Sungai Siak Oleh Ceratophyllum demersum
(2018-03-12) Budijono, Budijono; Hasbi, Muhammad; Purwanto, Eko; Harahap, Sampe
Ceratophyllum demersum is a type of drowning macrophytics that plays a key role in freshwater ecosystem and is commonly used in phytoremediation of heavy metals in water. This preliminary study focused on assessing the ability of C. demersum in accumulating heavy metals (Pb and Zn) into their body tissues from heavy metals contained in the water of the Siak River. This plant is grown in natural condition (S. Siak) at different water depth (0,5,5,1 m) with aquatic plant floating raft. Measurement of water samples and water retrieval as well as entire plant tissue per depth for calculated heavy metals at different time intervals (6, 12, 18, 24, 30 days). The results show that the Siak River has been contaminated with Pb and Zn and the concentration of Pb> Zn in C. demersum with each Pb of 0 - 1m water depth is 12.641 mg / kg, 15.659 mg / kg and 16.604 mg / kg of initial concentration of 0.158 mg / kg. The average absorption rate and Pb accumulation per depth are 78.86%, 97.92% and 103.89%, respectively. It was concluded that phosemediation of heavy metal Pb in Siak River was effective with C. demersum up to a water depth of 1 m.
Hubungan Kognitif Etika Lingkungan, Perilaku Dengan Empati Lingkungan Pada Masyarakat Wilayah Sungai Pembuangan Limbah Tahu
(2018-03-12) Lestari, Rinda
Polluted environments due to human behavior that are less wise in recent times include: (a) in various cities, such as environmental indifference, ignorance of disadvantaged peers, that the loyalties tend to wear off; (b) excessive pleasure in the use of sophisticated technological symbols of goods and the desire for a comfortable life does not want to suffer, this tendency is regarded as an excessive materialistic lifestyle and does not pay attention to environmental conditions; (c) the tendency of habitual waste disposal at will impacts, both into the water environment and in public places. This refers to a habitual behavior that does not know what it is to do or not to do. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the cognitive abilities of environmental ethics, behavior with empathy towards the community in the waste industrial waste disposal area. The study was conducted in Pisang sub-district of Pauh. Samples were taken by random sampling technique. Data for environmental empathy, cognitive abilities of environmental behavior ethics were collected using questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using regression, simple correlation, multiple correlation, and partial correlation.The population is the community that is in 3 RT, RT.01, RT 03 and RT 12 to Pauh District which amounts to 150 people. Sampling technique by Multi Stage Random Sampling means sampling method done gradually. The sampling steps in this research are as follows: first is the sampling of household heads in the 3 selected RT areas, ie. RT.01, RT 03 and RT 12. Thus the sampling in stage I is 3 RT / 01. Secondly, after 3 RTs from 5 RTs in Pisang subdistrict of Pauh sub-district, each sub-district is 2 randomly taken RT. Thus the sampling in phase II is 6 RT. The next three sampling activities are to take 1 RW from each selected kelurahan. Therefore, the sampling at stage III is 6 RW from 6 kelurahan. The next four sampling activities are to take 1 RT from each selected RW. The results showed that: (1) there was a positive relationship between cognitive ability and empathy of the environment; (2) is a positive correlation between behavior with empathy of the environment; (3) there is a positive correlation between behavior with empathy of the environment; (4) there is a positive correlation between the cognitive abilities of environmental ethics with, behavior with environmental studies. It can be concluded that the cognitive abilities of environmental and behavior ethics can enhance envirionmental empathy.
Implementasi Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Berkelanjutan
(2018-04-02) Zulkarnaini, Zulkarnaini; Mashur, Dadang
Indonesia is a country endowed by God of abundant natural resources. However, due to various consequences, mainly due to human actions and deeds, the natural wealth has experienced such severe degradation. If not immediately anticipated, then such conditions will have a wide impact on the deterioration of quality of human life. This study aims to identify and analyze problems in the legal system in Indonesia related to the protection and management of sustainable natural resources. This study uses a policy statute approach is an approach that is done by observing the legislation related to policy issues studied. The procedure of processing the materials through library research using the card system is to inventory legislation, textbooks, journals, and seminar results paper to obtain materials in accordance with the formulation of the issues to be discussed. The results show that implementation of sustainable natural resource management policies in Indonesia is hampered by limited political will and lack of collaboration between law enforcement agencies, as well as improper implementation of law enforcement procedures. There are also legal loopholes and inconsistencies that hinder successful prosecutions. Policy reforms, strengthening law enforcement agencies, enhancing intergovernmental collaboration, and building awareness of laws and regulations for the wider community, are important steps to address the threat of extinction of existing natural resources
Implementasi Kebijakan Program Adiwiyata Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kesadaran Lingkungan Di Smkn 4 Kota Pekanbaru
(2018-03-12) Asbullah, Asbullah
The Adiwiyata Program is a Government program to create a cultured school environment. The aim of this study; (1) To know the participation of the school community in the success of Adiwiyata school program, (2) To know the obstacles faced by the school in the implementation process of Adiwiyata school program. The study was conducted from March to April 2017, conducted by interviewing the principal, vice principal of infrastructure, vice principal of student, vice principal of curriculum, vice principal of public relations, four teachers (Coordinator of Adiwiyata, subject teachers Civics, science teachers and Social subjects teachers) as well as students who are active in extracurricular activities of green and extracurricular Scouting and documentation. The results showed that a). the majority of the school's residents have understood the adiwiyata program starting from the plan, implementation, objectives and benefits of the adiwiyata program; b). Obstacles / Constraints faced by the school include the regeneration of students every new school year, lack of support from families to maintain environmental hygiene, as well as familiarize students with adiwiyata school rules. To overcome these obstacles and obstacles, the school's efforts include counseling new students at the orientation of school, posting pictures, pamphlets, billboards, appealing boards or posters about environmental awareness and / or environmental hygiene on each side of the school, alerting and supervising every student behavior in the school.
Kajian Perbaikan Mutu Air Gambut Untuk Kegiatan Budidaya Ikan Di Desa Sungai Tohor, Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Timur, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti
(2018-04-03) Hendrik, Hendrik; Sukendi, Sukendi; Heltonika, Benny
This study aims to analyze the study of the effect of improvement of water quality parameters of peat water with filter system, biological coogulation and microalgae for fish farming activities. The research was conducted in Sungai Tohor Village, Tebing Tinggi Timur Subdistrict, Meranti Islands Regency. Procedure of research activity is done by way of peat water coming from canal pumped by multilevel filtering. Water filtration by drum stratum is intended with macro and micro filtration separation, macro filtering using only ijuk and burlap sack. While microscreening using layers of krikil, sand and charcoal, and the provision of lime tohor. The results showed that there was a change (increase) to pH value from 3.7 to 5.4; Dissolved CO2 decreased from 31.9 to 24.6 mg /l, dissolved DO increased from 3.92 to 4.09 mg /l, TSS decreased from 82.5 to 4.5 mg /l, increased brightness from 64.5 to 68.2 cm and the temperature rises from 27.9 to 30.1 °C and there is growth and multiplication of microalgae on the surface of water. From the experimental maintenance of catfish dumbo done, generally not possible to survive, because the still high dissolved CO2 which is toxic to fish and pH that still needs to be improved again. Need further research on the technique of reducing the dissolved CO2 value and increasing the pH value, thus reaching the recommended threshold point for fish farming. For fish cultivation activities from the results of this study only allows to cultivate the local fishes only.
Kajian Sifat Fisis Batang Nibung (Oncosperma tigilarium)
(2018-04-02) Somadona, Sonia; Sribudiani, Evi; Arlita, Tuti
Nibung has been found in Riau Province, esspecealy in Bengkalis regency and reputed as the symbol of unity and fraternity of society and also identy flora for Riau Province. This research aimed to evaluated physical properties based on depth variation (heart, the midlle of bark, and edge of bark) and the height of trank (base, in the midle and end). The testing of physical properties are based on Britis Standard 373-1975. The wet moisture content of Nibung trunk among 40-200%, density of nibung trunk between 0,15-0,67 cm3, and the highest value of swelling three direction is in tangensial to radial and the lowers is longitudinal (tangensial > radial > longitudinal). The result of density test was included in class II (good) and can be base of tructural buid

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