RG-Mathematics and Natural Sciences

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Browsing RG-Mathematics and Natural Sciences by Subject "Biodiesel"

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    Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Berkatalis Kalsium Oksida (CaO)
    (2015-03-07) Welvia, Sri
    Biodiesel is an alternative and renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is also more environmentally benign than fossil fuel. This fuel which is called FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) is produced by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats and alcohol with aid of catalyst. The commonly used catalyst in transesterification is homogeneous one, but heterogeneous catalyst, CaO is used in this research due to the easy of phase seperation between the catalyst and product compared to homogenous one. In this research, the biodiesel is produced by the reaction of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) and methanol. Preliminary studies indicates that the FFA (Free Fatty Acid) content in CPO is relatively high, 3,722%. Therefore it needs to perform preliminary process, which is esterification process to reduce FFA content. The result indicates that the maximum biodiesel product is 74,595% and achieved in the following reaction parameters; reaction temperature of 70°C, reaction time of 1,5 h, catalyst dosage of 1,5%, and methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1. Catalyst dosage seems to be dominant factor in the production of biodiesel in this research, but molar ratio of methanol does not give significant influence for production biodiesel. As-synthesized biodiesel has physical or chemical properties that comply with SNI (National Standart of Indonesian).
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    Pengaruh Kalsinasi Katalis Kalsium Oksida (CaO) Pada Produksi Biodiesel Dengan Bahan Baku Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Dan Proses Pemurniannya
    (2015-04-22) Wahyuni
    Biodiesel fuel is more important because of the depletion and uncontrollable prices of fossil fuel resources. Biodiesel are produced by the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils and animals' fats with a catalyst and methanol. Crude palm oil (CPO) is used as the raw material of biodiesel by using heterogeneous catalyst, calcium oxide (CaO). The results showed that the presence of free fatty acid and water in CPO are 3,722 % and 0,367 % exceed allowed amount. Therefore, Pre treatment through esterification reaction is needed to reduce the presence of free fatty acid and water. The optimal biodiesel obtained is 73,455 % with variable catalyst calcinations temperature POO^C, reaction temperature 70*^C, reaction time 60 minutes, catalyst dosage 0,5 % and molar rasio methanol/oil of 9:1. To study the effect of CaC03 calcination on the formation of biodiesel, the catalyst is heated from 700*'C-1100°C and analized with X ray diffraction. The purification of the synthesized biodiesel uses citrate acid which function to eliminate the remaining calcium and analyzed by TLC. Physical and chemical characteristics of biodiesel are water presence 0,046 %, kinematical viscosity 3,815 cSt, density at 886 Kg/m^, acid number at 0,770 and flash point at 175*^C. Characteristics of biodiesel indication that resulted-biodiesel has obeyed the SNI-04-7182-2006