Chemical Engineering

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Pembuatan Nitroselulosa dari Selulosa – α Limbah Pelepah Sawit Dengan Variasi Waktu Nitrasi dan Rasio Bahan Baku Terhadap Asam Penitrasi
(2013-07-09) Miranda; Padil; Yelmida
Manufacture of nitrocellulose is the main ingredient of rocket fuel (propellant). Nitrocellulose produced from the nitration process substitution reactions (replacement) H+ of the -OH groups in cellulose with -NO2+ group from nitric acid. Cellulose used is waste palm frond that has not been used optimally. This study aims to get the best conditions in the nitration process of cellulose with varying time nitration and the ratio of raw material to nitration acids that has a produce nitrocellulose with high nitrogen content. Refining processes such as extraction, hydrolysis, delignification and purification with xylanase enzymes that function to degrade xylan then nitrated with HNO3 and H2SO4. Nitration process conducted by time nitration and the ratio of raw materials to nitration acids . The results obtained by purification of α-cellulose results with xylanase enzymes of 96.25% obtained by the nitration process then do the best conditions the ratio 1:40 for 90 minutes. Based on the test results with Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR) is known to occur NO2 groups to exchange two -OH groups. The estimation results in having nitrogen levels > 12.73% so it can be used as rocket fuel (propellant).