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Browsing Chemical Engineering by Author "Bahruddin"
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Item FABRIKASI TRI KALSIUM FOSFAT MENGGUNAKAN WHEAT PARTICLES SEBAGAI AGEN PEMBENTUK PORI(2013-07-26) Dani, F; A. Fadli; BahruddinThe present work reports a simple process for fabrication of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics from aqueous powder slurries using wheat particles as pore forming agent. Wheat particles incorporated in aqueous TCP slurries rapidly absorb water on heating and transform it into a strong gel. The dried green bodies showed shrinkage in the range 53,22-55,87%. Removal of the pore former followed by sintering at 1000 and 1100˚C produced TCP bodies with porosity 59,48–78,40% and compressive strength 0,30-2,53 MPa.Item KAJIAN AKLIMATISASI PROSES PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK SAGU SECARA ANAEROB(2012-12-03) Priyono, Agus; Ahmad Adrianto; BahruddinKabupaten Kepulauan Meranti known as one of Indonesia's largest producer of sago. Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti produce 202,181 tonnes of sago starch year. In producing sago will produce 40,000 liters of wastewater effluent sago/ton starch, so it can be expected to produce Kabupaten Kepulaun Meranti sago wastewater 22,156 kLiters/day. Sago effluent composition of organic matter (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils) are high, so that if discharged to water, it will cause water pollution and contaminate the surrounding environment. Efforts can be made to the anaerobic treatment. Anaerobic treatment is basically the help of bacteria. Bacteria need to do the breeding and acclimatization prior to anaerobic digestion. This study aims to determine the effect of acclimation time on biogas production, pH and biomass concentration (VSS), determine the optimal timing of the acclimatization process, and determine the kinetics of growth. The study was conducted using an anaerobic bioreactor with a volume of 20 L at room temperature operating conditions. The results showed that the acclimatization process lasts for 11 days, and the average pH of 6.8 to 7.2. Average biomass concentration during acclimatization of 0.212 g / L. Biogas produced an average of 1895 mL, while the specific growth rate (μ) of 0.0905. Thus, anaerobic bacteria used in wastewater treatment processes sago.Item KESTABILAN BIOREAKTOR HIBRID ANAEROB BERMEDIA BATU PADA KONDISI START-UP DALAM PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK SAGU(2013-02-08) Gharaufi, Hadzalie; Ahmad Adrianto; BahruddinMeranti Islands is known as sago-producing districts in Riau Province. Developments in the field of agriculture and agricultural industry often result in increased agricultural wastes most of which contain organic compounds. Liquid waste containing organic compounds in biological systems can be processed by aerobic or anaerobic systems. The way of handling the problem of wastewater treatment can be done by using a hybrid anaerobic bioreactor. The stability of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor treating wastewater in sago indicated by the ratio of the concentration of volatile acids and alkalinity levels. This study uses as a sago factory wastewater using bioreactors susbtrat rock hybrid of media. . The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor mediated cubes in starch processing wastewater at start-up and also to determine the optimum start-up time. Volume of work hybrid bioreactor used in this study was 10 L with a hydraulic residence time (WTH), which is 5 days during conditions of start-up parameters observed in this study is the concentration of volatile acidity and alkalinity, and look at the ratio of TAV / alkalinity in the bioreactor with rock media. Observations were made at an interval of 2 days to reach steady state. The results of this study indicate the stability of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor mediated rocks at start-up conditions is 0,006 on day 54. These results indicate that the hybrid anaerobic bioreactor has a high level of stability.Item MODIFIKASI KARET ALAM MENJADI MALEATED NATURAL RUBBER MELALUI PROSES GRAFTING DENGAN VARIASI KADAR MALEAT ANHIDRIDA DAN TEMPERATUR(Teknobiologi Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Terapan, 2012-08) Wati, Rika; HS Irdoni; BahruddinModification of natural rubber into Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR) is one of research area that is still developing. This research is aiming to study the impact of variety of concentration maleic anhydride (MAH) and the temperature of mixing for MNR making in order to determined the degree of grafting of MAH. MAH was varied by 6, 8, and 10 phr (per hundred rubber) while the temperature was varied by 135, 145 and 155 oC. The process Modification is using internal mixer with 60 rpm for 10 minutes. The degree of grafting was determined by titrimetric method where MNR diluted in xylene and titrated by MeOH until the color solution was changed. Based on the test results by using FT-IR instrument. For natural rubber, C-H is clinging to double bond C=C at peak absorption 835 cm-1 and stretching characterisation of alkene (C=C) is at the peak absorption 1659 cm-1. And for the MNR, the absorption peak anhydride (C=O) were grafted on natural rubber is at the absorption peak 1712 cm-1. From degree of grafting analysis result, showing that the variety of concentration MAH can be grafted at natural rubber’s structure until reach optimum condition. And by increasing temperature, the degree of grafting for making the MNR is increasing . The highest degree of grafting obtained at 8 phr and 155 °C with the degree of grafting at 3.593%.Item OPTIMALISASI KONDISI PROSES PENCAMPURAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MORFOLOGI DAN SIFAT THERMOPLASTIC VULCANIZATE BERBASIS KARET ALAM DENGAN COMPATIBILIZER MALEATED NATURAL RUBBER(Teknobiologi Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Terapan, 2012-08) Martani, Russita; Bahruddin; Daud SyarfiMorphology and properties of thermoplastic vulcanizate is strongly influenced by the conditions of the mixing process of raw materials and the compatibility between the phase. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal temperature, rotor speed and compatibilizer. Thermoplastic vulcanizate was made in two stages. The first stage was the manufacture of rubber compounds using a roll mill at room temperature and speed of 20 rpm. Natural rubber materials used are natural rubber SIR 20. Curative ingredients and additives that are added include filler hybrid Carbon black/fly ash 30 phr, ratio 70/30, 5 phr paraffin, 5 phr ZnO, 3 phr stearic acid, 1 phr TMQ, 0,6 phr MBTS and 3 phr sulfur. The second phase of the resulting rubber compound was mixed with polypropylene (PP) and the compatibilizer maleated natural rubber (MNR) in the internal mixer. Ratio of NR / PP made it 70/30, while the MNR varied 2 and 5 phr. Varying conditions in the mixing process at a temperature of 170oC, 175oC and 180oC and speed of 40, 60 and 80 rpm. The results showed that the morphology and properties of optimal TPV obtained at 175oC temperature, rotor speed of 40 rpm and MNR 5 phr.Item Pelarutan Minyak Beku Pada Sumur Produksi Dengan Campuran Pelarut Organik(2013-06-27) Maulirany, Nancy; Bahruddin; A YelmidaPrecipitation caused by the high content of paraffin and asphaltene in crude oil can be deposited in the wellbore and/or production pipe. Deposit was called the frozen oil. In this research will be observed the influence of temperature, solvent mixture and soaking time on the solubility of paraffin and asphaltene in crude oil and hydrocarbon composition and determine the fraction of SARA (saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene) in the filtrate of solubility test results. Solvent mixtures used in this study there are four (4) groups: solvent A (xylen + diesel fuel), solvent B (toluene + diesel fuel), solvent C (xylen + diesel fuel + alkylbenzene sulfonate) and solvent D (toluene + diesel fuel + alkylbenzene sulfonate), with temperature 60 and 90 0C and soaking time 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes. % Solubility shows that the solvent C at a temperature of 90 0C and 30 minutes soaking time has the greatest solubility is 92%. Even though the solubility of the solvent C is the highest, but the addition of alkylbenzene sulfonate in solvents C are not enough increases the solubility compared to the solvent A without alkylbenzene sulfonate. From the analysis of Gas Chromatography (GC) at filtrate and original frozen oil showed that the original frozen oil C29 frozen oil has the highest concentration of 12.04%, while in the filtrate C29 is no longer high, soluble fractions into lighter ones. From the analysis of the concentration of saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) at filtrate and original frozen oil, indicating that the initial sample asphaltene frozen oil have the highest concentration of 36.17%, while the concentration asphaltene in the filtrate no longer high.Item PENENTUAN PERSAMAAN EMPIRIS KORELASI WATER CUT HASIL PRODUK CONDENSATE DENGAN TEMPERATUR DAN BUKAAN VALVE PADA PROSES FIN FAN COOLER DI FASILITAS TEST STATION(2013-04-25) Satam; Bahruddin; Zahrina IdaOils production tends to decline in line with the ability of the oil wells that have been in operation long enough. However the growing demand of oil needs required the improvement of new method for oil recovery. The research as purposes to know opening valve and temperature effect with output condensate product and water cut, hydrocarbons composition in condensate product and determine empiric equations of condensate product and water cut at fin fan cooler facility. Sample had been taken step by step with temperature (700, 800, 850, 900, 950 and 1000F) and opening valve variation (75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%), after tuning and calibration on temperature control valve. The data analysis and graphics represented that increase opening valve and temperature has significant effect with output condensate product and water cut. But the composition of hydrocarbon in condensate product doesn’t show significant effect. Regression analysis in the determination of empiric equation corellation condensate product and water cut to produce equations: Y1 = -0.40545 + 0.00369 X1 + 0.00548 X2. Y2 = 1.4055 - 0.0037 X1 - 0.0055 X2. Remark: Y1 = Condensate (% volume), Y2 = Water cut (% volume), X1 = Valve Open (%), X2 = Temperature (oF).Item Pengaruh Nisbah Compatibilizer MNR/MAPP dan Waktu Pencampuran Terhadap Morfologi dan Sifat Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Berbasis Karet Alam(2013-04-30) Yanti, Nengsi; Nirwana; BahruddinThe use of appropriate and effective compatibilizer can improve the morphology and properties of material Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV). This study aimed to determine the effect of the ratio of Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR) and Maleated Polypropylen (MAPP) as compatibilizer and the effect of mixing time on the morphology and properties of TPV natural rubber based. TPV samples were made in a two stage process, namely the stage of making compound and TPV material manufacturing phase. Stage of compound manufacturing is done by using a roll mill at room temperature and 20 rpm of roll speed. Compound materials include natural rubber (SIR 20), filler hybrid fly ash/carbon black and additives sulfur. The second stage of the dynamic vulcanization is carried out in the internal mixer at 175ºC and 60 rpm of rotor speed, mixing of rubber compound, polypropylen (PP) and double compatibilizer MNR / MAPP. Ratio of rubber compound / PP made permanent 30/70, while the ratio MNR / MAPP varied 30/70, 50/50, 70/30. Time mixing in internal mixers varied 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes. TPV samples tested include tensile properties (standard ISO 527-2 type 5A), morphology and water absorption properties. The test results showed that the ratio of compatibilizer MNR / MAPP and mixing time affects the morphology and properties of TPV. TPV tensile properties increased with increasing mixing time to reach the optimum point and will decrease the mixing time in the past when the optimum point. Best tensile properties and morphology obtained with compatibilizer ratio MNR / Mapp 70/30 and 8 minutes mixing time with a value of 3.34 MPa tensile strength; 19.75% elongation at break; elastic modulus of 50.90 MPa and water absorption 0.759%.Item PENGARUH PLASTISIZER MINAREX TERHADAP SIFAT DAN MORFOLOGI MATERIAL WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE BERBASIS BATANG SAWIT(2013-03-13) Maulana, Ady; Bahruddin; Zahrina IdaOil palm stem is solid waste in oil plam plantation. Oil plam stem content high cellulose which not much in use with optimal. Oil palm stem have potential for filler in Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). The aim of the research is to study the effect of content of oil palm stem particle (SBS) and content of minarex on the morphology and properties of WPC based on a mixture of oil palm stem particle (SBS) and polypropilene (PP). Ratio used of SBS/PP is 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 with sizes of the SBS is 60-100 mesh. As Plastisizer was use minarex- H with values of 0%, 2% and 10% mass. As Compatibilizer was use Maleated Anhydrid Polypropilene (MAPP) of 5% mass. WPC samples were prepared using Rheomix 3000 HAAKE mixer at temperature of 170ºC, Rotor speed of 60 rpm and time of 20 minutes. Physical testing of WPC focused in water content, bulk density, water absorption and thickness swell and mechanical testing of WPC focused in tensile strength, flexural strength. Beside that morphology testing of WPC using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed ratio of SBS/PP and high content of minarex in WPC will degradate of properties of WPC. The best mechanical properties of WPC are on SBS/PP mass of 50/50 for tensile strength, 61.57 kg/cm² and SBS/PP mass of 60/40 for flexural strength, 2,68 kg/cm².Item PENGARUH SUHU, KECEPATAN ROTOR, DAN WAKTU PENCAMPURAN TERHADAP SIFAT DAN MORFOLOGI WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE BERBASIS BATANG SAWIT(2013-05-15) Efrizal, Rico; Zulfansyah; BahruddinOil palm trunk one of waste from plantation with huge population in Indonesia. Oil palm trunk used to made variety product, for example as filler for wood plastic composite (WPC). Objective of this study to determine process condition (temperature, rotor speed, and blending time) to increase quality of WPC. Internal mixer type Labo Plastomill used to blend oil palm stalk powder (OPSP) and polypropylene (PP) 50/50 by ratio while 2% plasticizer paraffin and 5% compatibilizer maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) as additives. Blending process varied temperature 170ºC, 175°C, and 180ºC with rotor speed 60 rpm and 80 rpm for 10 minute and 15 minute. Mechanical properties for tensile strength used JIS K 6781 standard. This study show optimal mixing condition in temperature 170°C, rotor speed 80 rpm and mixing time 15 minute. Tensile strength obtain to 24,81 MPa.