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Item ELEKTRODA KARBON DARI BIOMASSA CANGKANG ASAM JAWA (TAMARINDUS INDICA) DENGAN VARIASI AKTIVATOR KIMIA UNTUK SEL SUPERKAPASITOR(Elfitra, 2023-07) sari, Dinda permataPorous carbon electrodes based on biomass derivatives are very effective as base material for supercapacitor cell electrodes. This electrode has many advantages, such as its application which can take place in the long term, is sustainable, renewable, easy to obtain, and has economic value. In this study, using tamarind shell biomass with a variety of chemical activators namely KOH, NaOH, and ZnCl2. The process of synthesizing supercapacitor cell electrodes involves several steps, including pre-carbonization at 200°C, chemical activation, carbonization with N2 gas at 600°C, and physical activation with CO2 gas at 800°C. The results showed that the CAJ-K sample had the highest density shrinkage value, which was 50.94%. Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis shows the presence of O-H, C-H, C≡C, and C=C functional groups in tamarind shell activated carbon. X-Ray Diffraction analysis identified amorphous characteristics in the presence of two broad peaks at an angle of 2θ at angles 24⁰ and 44⁰ in the scattering plane (002) and (100). Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis shows the formation of nanofiber structures on porous carbon electrodes. Meanwhile, Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis shows that the element carbon has the highest percentage of atoms. Electrochemical analysis of supercapacitor cells using the Cyclic Voltametry and Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge methods with 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte showed that the CAJ-K samples had the highest specific capacitance values, namely 211 Fg-1 and 159 Fg-1. Thus, it can be concluded that tamarind shell biomass has enormous potential as a porous carbon electrode for highperformance supercapacitor cell applications.Item FABRIKASI ELEKTRODA KARBON DARI BIOMASSA BIJI PALEM PUTRI DENGANVARIASISUHU KARBONISASI UNTUK APLIKASI SEL SUPERKAPASITOR(perpustakaan UR, 2021-07) Anggriawan, FichoBiomass-derived porous carbon is one of the most competitive electrode materials for supercapasitor due to their renewability and sustainability. Electrode materials derived from biomass for supercapacitors are considered as an effective solution to the problems of the energy crisis and the environment deterioration. In this research, the carbon electrode derives from waste of Christmas palm with carbonization temperature variation. Optimization efforts were made for the carbonization process in the fabrication of electrodes in order to obtain a high specific capacitance. Initial preparation was started from the pre carbonization process at temperature of 200℃. The activated carbon powder was converted into a monolith using a hydraulic press and then followed by carbonization process with temperature 600℃ under an N2 gas environment and activated by CO2 gas at 800℃. Specific capacitance was determined by cyclic voltammetry method and it is found to be as high as 108,99 F/g, 92,43 F/g, 78,16 F/g and 67,62 F/g for scanrate of 1 mV/s, 2 mV/s 5 mV/s dan 10 mV/s respectively.Item PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH IJUK AREN (ARENGA PINNATA) SEBAGAI MATERIAL ELEKTRODA SEL SUPERKAPASITOR(perpustakaan UR, 2021-07) Puspita, Sintya Dewi; Awitdrus, AwitdrusSupercapacitor electrodes made from Palm fiber were prepared by carbonization and activation process which consist of several steps such as pre-carbonization, milling,sieving, chemical activation, pelletization, and carbonization-physical activation. Chemical activation was performed using potassium hydroxide (KOH). KOH concentration on the activation process of palm fiber charcoal varied as much as 0,2 M, 0,3 M and 0,4 M. The activated carbon was made through the pre-carbonization using an electric oven at temperature of 100-250 0C. The carbonization process was conducted in N2 gas environment at 600 0C and followed by physical activation at a temperatur of 700 0 C using CO2 gas for 1 h. The physical property of electrodes analyzed is its density. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes were explored using a two-electrode system while the capacitive properties of the electrodes was determined using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical properties of the electrodes showed excellent capacitive properties of a supercapacitor cell, with very high specific capacitance of 162,99 F/g.Item PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KARBON AKTIF LIMBAH FILTER ROKOK SEBAGAI ADSORBEN MENGGUNAKAN AKTIVATOR KOH DAN IRADIASI GELOMBANG MIKRO(2016-10-12) Nurbaiti, Nanda; YanuarIn this research, activated carbon has been successfully fabricated using waste Cigarette of red Marlboro filters as a starting material. Through the process of carbonization and chemical activation using KOH with the aid of microwave irradiation power. The activation process used KA: KOH with the ratio of 2:1, 2:2 and 2:3 for 24 hours. Activated carbon was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray, X-ray Diffraction, isothermal nitrogen adsorption and absorption of methylene blue. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that activated carbon has a semi-crystalline structurs with peaks 2θ of 22,873˚ and 43,700˚. Activated carbon microstructure analysis showed that the layer height (Lc) is inversely proportional to the width of the layer (La) and the distance between the two layers of d002 and d100 which depends significantly on the number of elements used KOH. The best surface area of activated carbon produced from variation of KA: KOH with the ratio of 2:3 that was 328.13 m2/ g. The highest absorption of methylene blue was found to be 88.7671 mg/g for the ratio of 2:3 of KA: KOH.Item PEMBUATAN KARBON BERPORI BERBASIS DAUN SURIAN MERAH (TOONA SINENSIS) UNTUK KOMPONEN ELEKTRODA SEL SUPERKAPASITOR(Elfitra, 2023-10) Asmarwati, Asmarwati; Taer, ErmanPorous carbon based on red surian (Toona sinensis) leaf biomass waste was chosen as the basic material for making active carbon. Porous carbon was synthesized using the chemical activator ZnCl2 as an activating agent, by varying the molarity at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 to obtain optimal conditions for activated carbon. Carbon electrode sample preparation starts from the drying stage, pre-carbonization at 250 °C, grinding with mortar and ball milling, sieving using a 60 μm sieve, chemical activation of ZnCl2, printing and integrated pyrolysis in one direct stage, namely carbonization and physical activation to an optimum temperature of 850 °C in a N2 and CO2 gas environment. Next, the effects of different concentrations of ZnCl2 activator were tested, investigated, and the physical properties were compared. The results of the characterization of the physical properties of the red surian leaf activated carbon electrode were obtained by calculating the percentage shrinkage of the density value. The difference in concentration of the ZnCl2 activating agent was able to reduce the percentage density of carbon coins by 20.43%, 28.28%, and 34.31% for SM-03, SM- 05, and SM-07. Based on these results, the effect of adding the chemical activator ZnCl2 to the carbon of red surian leaves can increase the evaporation of impurity elements other than carbon which is indicated by an increase in the shrinkage value.Item PENGARUH AKTIVATOR KIMIA TERHADAP KUALITAS KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG SEBAGAI BAHAN PENYERAP LOGAM BERAT(2017-01-20) Situmorang, Tiur Malinda; Farma, RakhmawatiActivated carbon has successfully been made from cassava peel bunches prepared via pre-carbonisation process and microwave assisted KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 activation. Irradiation was varied with the power of 540 Watt for 20 minutes. The physical properties of the activated carbon are characterized by analyzing it’s yield, absorption capacity. The yield of activated carbon to heavy metals, microstructure and surface morphology of activated carbon. activated carbon produced was 38%, 48,8% and 31,7% for each sample KAK, KAN and KAZ. Activated carbon absorption test against the best heavy metal showed that KAZ sample was the best with the percentage of heavy metal absorption of 95.46% Pb, 69,83% of Fe and 65,38% of Cu. The results of X-ray diffraction showed carbon active has a semi-crystalline structure with the presence of peaks sloping at an angle 2θ (002) and (100) of 21,501 o and 44,938 o. Characterization of surface morphology indicates that the sample KAZ generate more pores and regularity with the content of C atoms of 82,2%. The analysis showed that the quality of the samples KAZ activated carbon is better than KAK and KAN.Item PENGARUH KONSENTRASI AKTIVATOR ZnCl2 TERHADAP KUALITAS KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT UBI KAYU UNTUK PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT(2017-01-20) Fitriyani, Ellis; Farma, RakhmawatiActivated carbon from cassava peel has been produced using chemical activation with Zinc Cloride (ZnCl2) as activator assisted by microwave irradiation with the output power 630 watt for 20 minutes. Concentration of ZnCl2 was varied 1M, 2M and 3M. The aim of this study to is determine the morphological characteristics, microstructure, contents of elements and the adsorption of activated carbon to the metal Fe, Pb and Cu. As whole, the result of calculating and analyzing the activated carbon showed that the activator consentration influenced the quality of activated carbon. aktivated carbon with concentration of ZnCl2 3M showed the best result with adsorption of activated carbon to Fe, Pb and Cu were 70,70%, 70,90% and 69,61% respectively.Item PENGARUH PERSENTASE KALIUM HIDROKSIDA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS KARBON AKTIF KAYU EUCALYPTUS PELLITA(2016-10-12) Harini, Resti; Awitdrus; Farma, Rakhmawatiresearch has been conducted on activated carbon of Eucalyptus pellita wood with various ratios of charcoal and potassium hydroxide of 1:0.25, 1:0.5, and 1:0.75 respectively. Chemical activation was conducted using the potassium hydroxide for 20 hours and microwave irradiation with output power of 630 Watt for 20 minutes. The aim of this research is to know the effects of potassium hydroxide on the physical properties of activated carbon i.e yield of activated carbon, micro structures, surface morfology, elements of activated carbon, and methylene blue adsorption. X-ray diffraction patterns of the activated carbon showed semicrystalline structure and SEM images showed porous activated carbon. Weigh percentages of carbon (C), oxygen (O), and potassium (K) elements of activated carbon were 67.87%, 30.63%, and 1.50%, respectively. Adsorptive power of activated carbon on methylene blue was 97.45 mg/g and surface area was 361.67 m2/g respectivelyItem PENGARUH WAKTU IRADIASI GELOMBANG MIKRO TERHADAP KUALITAS KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KETAPANG SEBAGAI ADSORBEN(2016-10-12) Annur, Al; AwitdrusThe fabrication of activated carbon made from shell of Terminalia Catappa L has been carried out using chemical activation methods assisted by microwave irradiation. The irradiation times was varied of 15, 20 and 25 minutes. The aims of this study is to determine the morphological characteristics, microstructure, surface area and the adsorption of activated carbon to the methylene blue, and to know the influence of microwave irradiation time variations to the quality of activated carbon as adsorbent. The results showed that the best characteristic was the activated carbon with microwave irradiation time of 15 minutes resulted microcrystallite dimension with Lc and La were 3.3494 and 1.0239 respectively, surface area of 304.82 m2 / g and the methylene blue adsorption of 82.46 mg / g. The result of methylene blue adsorption test exhibited that the time variation of microwave irradiation affected the quality of the adsorption of activated carbon that has been producedItem POTENSI ARANG BERBASIS BIOMASSA TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI MATERIAL DASAR PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF BERPORI(Elfitra, 2023-04) Maisyarah, Trisna; Taer, ErmanEmpty bunch biomass coconut palm own great potential to be used as material base making porous activated carbon. This study aims to process empty palm oil fruit bunches waste as a basic material in the manufacture of porous activated carbon. The synthesis activated carbon from empty bunch biomass coconut palm started from preparation biomass, washing and drying biomass under ray the sun, the combustion process pre-carbonization, and neutralization processes charcoal results burning. Burning process pre-carbonization done with vary time burning namely 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, and 50 minutes with each time burning need as much as 2.5 kg of sample empty bunch biomass coconut palm. Variation time burning influence the resulting charcoal. This result verified by existence depreciation mass charcoal in each increase time burning. Burning time 20 minutes and 30 minutes produce sample burning that much, however still there is OPEFB biomass that has not burnt in a manner perfect so that can’t proceed to the next process. Burning time 50 minutes cause enhancement rate ash on charcoal because burning material organic. Burning time 40 minutes show time burning best because produce charcoal the most so that can made as material base making porous activated carbon.Item POTENSI LIMBAH BIOMASSA DAUN PALA SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF BERPORI(Elfitra, 2023-12) Andriani, Dini; Taer, ErmanPorous carbon based on nutmeg leaf biomass waste was chosen as the basic material for making activated carbon. Porous carbon was synthesized using KOH chemical activator with varying concentrations of 0,3 M, 0,5 M, and 0,7 M to obtain optimal conditions of activated carbon. The preparation of carbon electrode samples starts from the drying stage, pre-carbonization, smoothing with mortar and ball milling, sieving using a 60 μm sieve, KOH chemical activation, carbon pellet printing, carbonization and physical activation to the optimum temperature of 850°C in an N2 and CO2 gas environment. The effect of varying the concentration of KOH activator was tested and the physical properties were compared. The results of the characterization of the physical properties of the nutmeg leaf activated carbon electrode were obtained through the calculation of the percentage of density shrinkage. Variations in the concentration of KOH activator can reduce the percentage of density of carbon pellets DP 0,3, DP 0,5, and DP 0,7 by 35,80%, 42,04%, and 42,68% respectively. Based on the characterization results, the effect of adding KOH chemical activating agent on all DP samples can increase the evaporation of impurities other than carbon which is indicated by the increase in shrinkage value.Item POTENSI LIMBAH SERAT BATANG PISANG JANTAN SEBAGAI MATERIAL DASAR PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF BERPORI(Elfitra, 2023-04) Laia, Yuyun Tri Elvindra; Taer, ErmanOil palm frond waste has the potential to be used as a raw material in the manufacture of porous activated carbon. Making charcoal from palm fronds aims to be a porous activated carbon material or base material. The process of making charcoal as raw material for porous activated carbon goes through a process of washing and drying the sample, burning, and neutralizing the pH. The combustion process was carried out using self-designed furnaces with variations in burning time of 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes with a combustion mass of 5 kg each. Combustion at different times is carried out in order to find out the time that has the most potential to produce the most charcoal. Charcoal that has gone through the combustion process is soaked with distilled water for 2 hours to facilitate the separation of charcoal and ash as well as raw materials that are not completely burnt and neutralized by pH. Samples at 50 minutes of burning time produce more charcoal from the same burning mass. This shows that the burning time affects the results of existing combustion. Pre-carbonization time of 50 minutes showed the least reduction in ash content with the highest charcoal content.Item POTENSI PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF BERPORI DARI ARANG BIOMASSA TEMPURUNG KELAPA MELALUI PRA-KARBONISASI TANUR TERMODIFIKASI(Elfitra, 2023-04) Simangunsong, Ellen A.B; Taer, ErmanCoconut shell biomass has the potential to be used as a raw material for making porous activated carbon. This study aims to process coconut shell biomass as a basic material in the manufacure of porous activated karbon. Initial preparation begins with cleaning the sample, drying the sample in the sun, cutting the sample into smaller sizes, followed by the pre-carbonization process using a kiln with various burning times of 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes and 70 minutes and neutralization of the sample pH. Variations in burning time affect the resulting charcoal. The initial mass of the charcoal after pre-carbonization combustion is always greater than the mass of the charcoal after neutralization due to raw materials that have not been completely burned and ash. The short time makes the raw material not completely burnt and the further increase in burning time causes an increase in the ash content of the charcoal due to the burning of organic matter in the charcoal. Charcoal at 50 minutes showed the highest yield of charcoal to be used as the basic material for porous activated carbon.Item STUDI AWAL PENGAKTIFAN KARBON SEBAGAI BAHAN PENYERAP MENGGUNAKAN PENGAKTIFAN KIMIA DAN IRADIASI GELOMBANG MIKRO(2016-02-01) Lestari, Diana; Farma, Rakhmawati; AwitdrusA microwave induced potassium hydroxide activation was used to produce Paraserianthes falcataria wood based activation carbon. The activation process was carried out at irradiation times 10 minutes with various of power irradiation of 540, 630, 720 and 810 Watt. The physical propertie of activated carbon was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive of X-rays, and nitrogen adsorption isotherm the power of microwave irradiation at 720 Watt resulted the highest of methylene blue absorption of 15.9234 mg/g. Analysis of microstructures of activated carbon showed that the stack high (Lc) is inverse proportional with stack diameter (La). The stack high correspondent to the surface area of activated carbon. The higher of surface area of activated carbon resulted from the microwave irradiation power of 720 Watt.