Browsing by Author "Yenie Elvi"
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Item PENGARUH KONSENTRASI SUBSTRAT DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI PADA PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT NENAS (ANANAS COMOSUS L.MERR) UNTUK PRODUKSI ENZIM SELULASE(2013-01-09) Pasaribu, Fitri Lasmini; Yenie Elvi; Muria Sri RezekiPineapple’s skin is a fairly large agricultural wastes in Indonesia. Potential cellulose in a large pineapple’s skin can be used as a substrate in the production of cellulases that can add economic value to the pineapple’s skin. The purpose of this research was to produced cellulase enzyme and determine the effect of fermentation time and substrate concentration on enzyme production. The method in this research used solid fermentation system. The research did by fixed variables such as nutrient in the media (urea 30 mg, MgSO4.7H2O 5 mg, 2.3 mg KH2PO4), the beginning pH fermentation used pH 5, fermentation temperature used room temperature. The change variables used substrate concentration 0.5 g / ml, 1 g / ml, 1.5 g / ml, 2 g / ml and a variable fermentation time 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days. Fermentation’s result was extracted and centrifuged to obtain a crude extract of cellulose enzyme. Then the crude extract of cellulase enzyme activity was tested by adding cotton and glucose hydrolysis yield was determined using DNS (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid). The experimental results showed that the substrate pineapple’s skin can be used to produce the enzyme cellulase by Aspergillus niger with the highest enzyme activity were seen from the highest glucose 3.57 gr glucose/liter. Optimum enzyme activity obtained at substrate concentration 1 gr/ml and 4 days of fermentation time.Item PENGARUH pH DAN INOKULUM PADA PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT NENAS UNTUK PRODUKSI ENZIM SELULASE(2012-10-25) Sinaga, Fransiska C; Yenie Elvi; Muria Sri RezekiUtilization of waste is the best way to solve the problem of waste, in order to obtain the raw materials and to process waste into useful products which have higher added value. Pineapple waste per 100g wet weight contains of 86.7% water, 0.69% protein, 0.02% fat, 10.54% carbohydrate, 1.66% wet fiber and 0.48% ash. A large amount of carbohydrates in pineapple skin is very potential when it is used as a carbon source to produce cellulose enzymes. Cellulose enzyme is a complex of enzyme that can transform cellulose into glucose. To produce the Cellulose enzyme, fungus Aspergillus niger is used in solid fermentation processing. In this research, we have variations pH 4; 4.5, 5; 5.5 and 6, and the inoculum by 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of the substrate, with 4 days fermentation. DNS method is used to test the glucose levels generated. The results obtained showed that the activity of the enzyme has the best obtained at 15% inoculum conditions and at pH 5 with the activity of the enzyme at 5.67 g / L. Enzyme with the best activity is used to hydrolyze the skin of pineapple into liquid sugar and from this process, liquid glucose concentrations obtained at 4.19 g / LItem Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Bentonit dan Suhu Adsorpsi terhadap Daya Jerap Bentonit dan Aplikasinya pada Bleaching CPO(2013-03-13) Handayani, Kurnia; Yusnimar; Yenie ElviBentonite is a type of adsorbent that used in the bleaching process palm oil to absorb dyes and impurities in the oil. Bleaching power of bentonite can be enhanced by activation of chemically and physically. In this research, bentonite activated chemically is done using 5N H2SO4 and the activation of bentonite physically is heated in the furnace under a temperature of 4000C for 6 hours. This research focused specifically studied the effect of particle size variations and temperature adsorption variations of bentonite were impacted on adsorption power of bentonite with tested by using methylene blue. The adsorption power has been increasing as smaller as the particel size of bentonite(-40 +60 mesh, -60 +80 mesh, -80 +100 mesh). Furthermore, the lower of temperature adsorption (700C, 800C and 900C) affected the adsorption of bentonite is increasing too. The bentonit which treated under those condition is applied in the CPO bleaching process, then the oil is analyzed, such as color, FFA content and peroxide numbers. In the process of bleaching CPO conducted at a temperature of 700C using bentonite activated physically (-80 +100 mesh), has a colour value of 40 on a scale yellow at Lovibond Tintometer, FFA content of 0.11% and the average peroxide number of oil around 3.228 meqH2O2/kg.Item Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Bentonit dan Waktu Kontak terhadap Daya Jerap Bentonit dan Aplikasinya terhadap Bleaching CPO(2013-03-13) Joni, Imelda; Yusnimar; Yenie ElviIn the palm oil refining industry, bleaching process CPO was performed using bleaching agent. This process aims is to change the color of CPO from reddish brown to pale yellow and clearness. Bleaching agents can be made from the bentonite. Bentonite is a clay mineral with the chemical composition of approximately 80% consists of the mineral monmorillonite (Na.Ca) 0.33 (Al.Mg)12Si4O10(OH)2nH2O (Rouquenol, 1999). Bleaching ability of bentonite can be improved by chemical and physical activation in order to increase the surface area and modify the structure of bentonite. Chemical activation process is done using 5N HCl and physical activation process carried out by heating in the furnace for 6 hours under temperature of 400oC. This research focused specifically the effect variations studied of particle size (-40 +60 mesh, -60 +80 mesh and -80 +100 mesh) and adsorption time (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours) to improve the adsorption power of bentonite. The results of this research can be statement that the particle size variation and adsorption time of adsorption power are affected on adsorption power bentonite which were tested by using methylene blue. The adsorption power has been increasing as smaller as the particle size (-40 +60 mesh, -60 +80 mesh and -80 +100 mesh). The adsorption time were increasing (1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 5 hours) influenced the adsorption power of bentonite to methylen blue is increase as well. Equilibrium adsorption process between bentonite to methylen blue was achieved in 4 hours. The maximum adsorption power of bentonite activated physically and chemically was found under condition particle size of -80 +100 mesh bentonite adsorption at 4 hours. Bentonite activated physically better than chemically. The analysis results of CPO bleaching process using bentonite activated physically is yellow with a scale value of 40 at Lovibond Tintometer, FFA content of 0.09% and the number of peroxide is 1.24 meqH2O2/kg oil.Item Perengkahan Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat Menjadi Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Zeolit Dengan Variasi Temperatur Reaksi dan Rasio Umpan/Katalis(2013-04-04) Pandiangan, Jesmar; Zahrina Ida; Yenie ElviPalm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of the manufacture of cooking oil. Cracking PFAD to produce biofuel has been done through the process of catalytic cracking using Ni/zeolite catalysts. The reaction was carried out at 340, 355, 370 oC and variation ratio reactant/catalysts 200/4, 220/4, 240/4 gram. The results of cracking PFAD obtained by physical characteristics of the product approaching specification diesel fuel the density 832 kg/m3, viscosity 1.66 cSt, flash point 33 oC and calorific value of 10.191,862 kal/g. PFAD cracking results obtained product with the highest yield of 23,78% at temperature of 355 oC with a variation ratio reactant/catalysts 220/4 gram. Product cracking at analiysis with method GCMS and known biofuel dominant contain compound of pentadekane ( C15H32)Item Perengkahan Katalitik Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Parit Menjadi Biofuel Dengan Katalis Ni/Zeolit(2013-04-24) Fathrullah, Randri; Zahrina Ida; Yenie ElviNowadays, an increase fuel consumption due to lower production of oil exploration that drives the search for alternative fuels as a substitute for petroleum-based energy. On the other side of the CPO parit which is a waste from the manufacturing process of palm oil has a high potential to be used as raw materials for biofuels. This research aims to study the catalytic activity of Ni/zeolite on cracking reaction CPO parit into biofuel to the effects of temperature and percentage of catalyst (based on feedback) as well as the physical characterization. The research was in the temperature range 300oC to 360oC and the percentage of catalyst (based on feedback) 0.33%, 0.25%, 0.2%. Characterization of catalysts using XRD and analysis of components in the product using GCMS (Gas Cromatography Mass Spectra). At the reaction temperature of 360oC and 0.20 percentage catalyst that produces the greatest yield of 20%. The resulting product is generally in the form of diethyl ether, octane, pentadecane. The results of product characteristics CPO parit cracking process known density: 0.848gr/cm3, viscosity: 1.7mm2/s, and a flash point at 48oC.Item Perengkahan Katalitik Palm Fatty Acid Distillate untuk Menghasilkan Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Cu/Zeolit Alam(2013-05-29) Mirza, Vesvia; Zahrina Ida; Yenie ElviBiofuel is an alternative energy resource processed from vegetable oil which can subtitute petroleum of which availability decreases and stays unrenewable. Biofuel can be produced through a catalytic cracking process of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). PFAD is a by-product of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) refinery, which has long hydrocarbon molecules and can be broken up into simple molecules. This research is aimed to reveal the process of producing biofuel of PFAD through a catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Cu/ Natural Zeolite and reveal the effects and the best condition of temperature variety and concentration of Cu on the yield of biofuel. The results show that the higher the temperature and the concentration of Cu works, the more likely biofuel yield increases. However, with the concentration of Cu 1.5% the yield of biofuel declines. The best condition is obtained at temperature of 420oC and 1% Cu concentration that produces the highest yield product and total fraction of biofuels was 79,43% dan 70,88%.Item Perengkahan Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menjadi Alkana Cair Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Zeolit Dengan Variasi Temperatur Reaksi Dan Nisbah Berat Katalis/PFAD(2013-03-22) Harefa, Hendra Haogododo; Zahrina Ida; Yenie ElviPalm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is made from refining crude palm oil. During this PFAD untapped well as alternative fuel feedstock. PFAD potential to produce liquid alkanes by catalytic cracking process because it has a long hydrocarbon chain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and catalyst weight ratio of Ni/Zeolite: PFAD to yield products resulting in cracking PFAD into liquid alkanes. Cracking catalyst Ni/Zeolite produce liquid alkanes using STR reactor (Stirred Tank Reactor). Inserted in the reactor feed 200 grams and N2 gas with a flow rate of 300 ml/min. Cracking process carried out at the temperature 350oC, 360oC and 370oC, the weight ratio of the catalyst Ni/Zeolite: PFAD 1/100, 2/100 and 3/100 cracking process carried out for 120 minutes. Catalyst Ni/Zeolite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed metallic Ni catalyst characterization has been impregnated. From the results obtained yield alkane cracking reaction at a temperature of 370oC with the highest ratio of catalyst Ni/Zeolite:ALSD 3/100 by 50.09%. The results of the physical characteristics of the products obtained density of 0.84 g/ml, the viscosity of 0.84 mm2/s, the flash point 38oC and calorific value of 42.70 MJ/kg. The result were analyzed by the method of cracking GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectra), from the analysis of known producing liquid alkane diesel dominant faction.