Browsing by Author "Nirwana"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    Efektifitas Katalis Abu Tandan Sawit Pada Transesterifikasi Minyak Jarak Pagar
    (2013-05-04) Nirwana; HS, Irdoni
    Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai efektifitas katalis abu tandan sawit pada transesterifikasi minyak jarak pagar(Jatropha Curcas Linneaus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh komposisi katalis pada transesterifikasi minyak jarak pagar menggunakan katalis abu tandan sawit dipijarkan pada temperatur 600°C, dengan menggunakan kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm pada suhu 60°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi karakteristik biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2006. Komposisi katalis yang terbaik yakni 10% dengan konversi tertinggi 83,2% dan memenuhi seluruh karakteristik biodiesel yaitu densitas 868,67 kg/m3( ASTM D 1298) ,viskositas 5,11 mm2/s ( ASTM D 445), kadar air 0,064%vol ( ASTM D 2709) ,angka asam 0,81 mg KOH/g minyak (ASTM D 664) dan angka setana 59 (ASTM D 613).
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    Effect Of Stirring Speed And Molar Ratio In Process Plasticizer Isobutyl Stearate
    (2013-07-16) Qaulan, Salamun; Nirwana; Irdoni
    Production of vegetable oils such as CPO (Crude Palm Oil) increased from year to year, but towards the development of non-food products is still limited one of which is the plasticizer. Plasticizer production of vegetable oil is still very little, it is necessary to the development of vegetable oil-based plasticizers. Plasticizer is an organic solvent with a high boiling point or a solid with a low melting point. Vegetable oil plasticizers can be synthesized by esterification using an acid catalyst. The purpose of this study is to Make isobutyl stearate plasticizers by esterification using H-zeolite catalyst and Studying the effect of stirring speed and the molar ratio of stearic acid esterification and isobutanol. In this study the synthesis of plasticizers isobutyl stearate esterification using natural zeolite catalysts activated to H-zeolite with a variable speed to vary is stirring (150, 175, and 200 rpm) and the molar ratio of stearic acid with isobutanol (1:4, 1 : 6, and 1:9) with a fixed variable is 98-1020C temperature, long reaction time of 360 minutes and as much as 15% catalyst based stearic acid. From the test results showed that the rate of stirring and the molar ratio of plasticizer effect on the synthesis of isobutyl stearate. Optimal operating conditions were obtained at stirring speed 175 rpm and with a 1:9 molar ratio of 70.8% mol conversion reaction. Characteristics of plasticizers that found only one that meets that standard commercial plasticizers specific gravity of 0.85
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    THE EFFECT OF TIME REACTION AND ZEOLIT CATALYST COMPOSITION ON SYNTHESIS OF PLASTICIZER FROM WASTE OF PATIN FISH OIL WITH ISOPROPANOL
    (2013-07-16) Irawati, Dona; HS Irdoni; Nirwana
    Year by year, the used of plasticizer in the world has been improving, where the raw material that is mostly used comes from petroleum. However, the continuing degradation of petroleum reserve demands the plasticizer industry to find alternative sources. One of alternative sources that can be used is the waste of “Patin” fish oil. The process of making plasticizer from this alternative material is conducted by transesterificating the fish oil with isoprophanol and H-Zeolit catalyst. This experiment is made by using the agitated reactor. The agitation speed is around 175rpm and the temperature is 79-80C. The reaction time is around (4, 5, and 6 hours) with catalyst composition is around (5; 10; 15% of the total weight). The highest conversion resulted is 76, 87%, the reaction time is 6 hours, and the composition of catalyst is 15%. This result of transesterization is tested by using GCMS method. The result show that there is no main ester product found as expected, but it results isopropyl stearat 0,52%.
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    KAJIAN AWAL SINTESIS POLIESTER DARI BAHAN BAKU CRUDE PALM OIL
    (2015-02-26) Nirwana; Irdoni
    Telah dilakukan penelitian lenlang sintesis polyester dari bahan baku Crude Palm Oil dengan meloda metanolisis menggunakan katalis alkali NaOH dengan konsentrasi 0,2 % berat yang dilaksanakanpada temperatur 65 . Untuk mengetahui waktu optimum dari reaksi metanolisis, proses dilaksanakan selama 210 menit dengan selang waktu 30 menit.. Dari proses metanolisis tersebut diperoleh metil ester asam lemak sebanyak 78 ml pada waktu reaksi 120 menit dengan titik didih 278,44 "C, bobot jenis 0,853 dan viskositas Kinematika pada 38 "C, mm^/s 7,66.
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    PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI SARI BUAH NENAS (ANNANAS COMOSUS L MERR) SECARA FERMENTASI
    (2013-05-04) HS, Irdoni; Nirwana; Ramadhan, Hapip
    Bioetanol merupakan bahan kimia yang saat ini sangat diperlukan keberadaanya. Untuk itu telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pembuatan bioetanol dari sari buah nenas (Ananas comosus L Merr) secara fermentasi. Pada penelitian ini telah dipelajari pengaruh konsentrasi larutan pupuk, konsentrasi ragi pada media stater dan waktu fermentasi terhadap yield bioetanol yang dihasilkan. Daerah yang dipelajari untuk tiap variabel bebas tersebut yaitu masing-masing 1-2 %v/v, 5-10 %m/v dan 20-30 jam. Variabel tetap pada percobaan ini yaitu konsentrasi stater pada media fermentasi (10%v/v), temperatur (27- 30oC) dan pH (4-5). Proses pembuatan bioetanol di optimasi dengan metode RSM (Response Surface Methode). Konsentrasi ragi pada media stater dan waktu fermentasi memiliki pengaruh nyata terhadap perolehan bioetanol yang dihasilkan. Dari analisa secara statistik, model matematis yang diperoleh dari hubungan tersebut yaitu berupa persamaan orde dua. Dalam bentuk variabel kode ditunjukan dengan persamaan . Dengan menggunakan skrip fminsearch pada program komputer Matlab, maka diperoleh kondisi optimum yaitu konsentrasi ragi pada media stater 7,29 %m/v dan waktu fermentasi 29,55 jam dengan yield 6,95%v/v.
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    PENGARUH KOMPOSISI KATALIS ZEOLIT ALAM DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN ISOBUTIL OLEAT DARI ASAM OLEAT DENGAN ISOBUTANOL
    (2012-11-09) Nugroho, Joko; H.S Irdoni; Nirwana
    High supply of crude pump oil in Indonesia has created many opportunities for downstream industry on palm oil industry. One of alternatives for this downstream palm oil industry is esterification of oleic acid that contained in crude palm oil. The purpose of this research are to make isobutyl oleic by esterification of oleic acid and isobutanol using H-Zeolit as the catalyst, to determine mixing speed and variation composition catalyst that produce highest reaction conversion, to compare physic attributes among the product. In this research, the variation of mixing speed were 150 rpm, 175 rpm, 200 rpm, 225 rpm and 250 rpm and the composition catalyst were 5%, 10%, and 15% of based sample reactant. With fixed variable are reaction temperature 100 oC, time reaction 5 hours and compare between oleic acid and isobutanol 1:6. Catalist H-Zeolit, oleic acid and isobutanol reacted at batch reactor with agitation as long 5 hours. From product analysis showing that mixing speed and composition catalyst affect the product conversion reaction. The best operation condition is at mixing speed is 200 rpm and composition catalyst 15% that produce 56.44% reaction conversion. The physical and chemical properties from the product meet the commercial raw material of plasticizer.
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    Pengaruh Nisbah Compatibilizer MNR/MAPP dan Waktu Pencampuran Terhadap Morfologi dan Sifat Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Berbasis Karet Alam
    (2013-04-30) Yanti, Nengsi; Nirwana; Bahruddin
    The use of appropriate and effective compatibilizer can improve the morphology and properties of material Thermoplastic Vulcanizate (TPV). This study aimed to determine the effect of the ratio of Maleated Natural Rubber (MNR) and Maleated Polypropylen (MAPP) as compatibilizer and the effect of mixing time on the morphology and properties of TPV natural rubber based. TPV samples were made in a two stage process, namely the stage of making compound and TPV material manufacturing phase. Stage of compound manufacturing is done by using a roll mill at room temperature and 20 rpm of roll speed. Compound materials include natural rubber (SIR 20), filler hybrid fly ash/carbon black and additives sulfur. The second stage of the dynamic vulcanization is carried out in the internal mixer at 175ºC and 60 rpm of rotor speed, mixing of rubber compound, polypropylen (PP) and double compatibilizer MNR / MAPP. Ratio of rubber compound / PP made permanent 30/70, while the ratio MNR / MAPP varied 30/70, 50/50, 70/30. Time mixing in internal mixers varied 8, 12, 16 and 20 minutes. TPV samples tested include tensile properties (standard ISO 527-2 type 5A), morphology and water absorption properties. The test results showed that the ratio of compatibilizer MNR / MAPP and mixing time affects the morphology and properties of TPV. TPV tensile properties increased with increasing mixing time to reach the optimum point and will decrease the mixing time in the past when the optimum point. Best tensile properties and morphology obtained with compatibilizer ratio MNR / Mapp 70/30 and 8 minutes mixing time with a value of 3.34 MPa tensile strength; 19.75% elongation at break; elastic modulus of 50.90 MPa and water absorption 0.759%.
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    PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN MOLAR DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN TERHADAP SINTESIS PLASTISIZER DARI MINYAK LIMBAH IKAN PATIN DAN ISOBUTANOL
    (2013-03-22) Nissaulya, Nadya; Nirwana; HS Irdoni
    This experiment was aimed to making plasticizer from oil of waste catfish and isobutanol. Oil of waste catfis have high potential to developed as alternative raw material for making plasticizer for substitution petroleum. To process oil of waste catfish to be plastisizer can be used transesterification reaction with H-zeolite as catalyst and isobutanol as an alcohol. Transesterification oil of waste catfish using agitation reactor with reaction time as long 5 hours. The studying variation in this experiment are molar ratio (catfish oil: isobutanol) and agitation speed. After running the experiment got conversion increase by elevated molar ratio, while the increase of agitation given an unsignificant conversion. The highest conversion reached is 74,8% by using molar ratio oil to isobutanol is 1:12, agitation speed is 175 rpm and catalyst concentration is 10 wt% at temperature reaction 102 . The physical properties of isobutyl ester were produced by transesterification reaction confirm with standard plastisizer comercial and from analysis product by using GC-MS showed that not all product conversion to be isobutyl ester, the product just have isobutyl laurate, isobutyl caprate and isobutyl stearate with each value of concentrasion are 1,83%, 4,93% and 2,35%
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    Pengaruh Rasio Massa Serat Batang Sawit Terhadap Sifat dan Morfologi Material Wood Plastic Composite dari Campuran Polypropylene dan Batang Sawit
    (2013-05-13) Indra Polta, Benny; Nirwana; Bahruddin
    Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari rasio massa serat batang sawit terhadap sifat dan morfologi campurannya dengan polipropilene (PP). Sampel dibuat dengan rasio massa serat batang sawit/PP sebesar 50/50, 60/40, dan 70/30; dan kadar MAPP sebesar 0; 5; dan 7,5% massa. Sebagai plastisizer digunakan Minarex-H dengan kadar 5% massa. Pencampuran (pengadonan) bahan baku tersebut dilakukan menggunakan alat Internal Mixer tipe Rheomix 3000 HAAKE dengan kondisi operasi pada suhu 180oC dan dan kecepatan rotor 60rpm selama 20menit. Pengujian yang dilakukan berupa pengujian sifat fisik ialah kerapatan, kadar air, dan daya serap air. Sedangkan untuk pengujian sifat mekanik ialah kuat tarik dan kuat lentur yang disesuaikan dengan standar ASTM. Untuk pengujian morfologi dilakukan menggunakan alat Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat tarik, kuat lentur, serapan air dan morfologi material WPC dipengaruhi oleh rasio massa dari serat batang sawit/PP dan kadar MAPP. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada rasio massa serat batang sawit/PP (50/50) dan kadar MAPP 0% yaitu dengan kuat tarik 84,53 kgf/cm2 , kuat lentur 4,43 kgf/cm2 , sedangkan serapan air pada rasio massa SBS/PP (50/50), MAPP 7,5%, minarex 5% dengan nilai 1,93%.
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    Pengaruh Ukuran dan Kadar Partikel Batang Sawit Terhadap Sifat dan Morfologi Material Wood Plastic Composites (WPC) Berbasis Limbah Batang Sawit
    (2013-05-13) Febria Sari, Eka; Nirwana; Bahruddin
    Wood Plastic Composite (WPC) merupakan komposit kayu dengan polimer termoplastik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah kayu sawit sebagai pengganti kayu komersil yang semakin berkurang ketersediaannya dan untuk mengatasi limbah pada lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan komposisi serbuk kayu sawit dan PP origin (wt/wt) 50:50, 60:40 dan 70:30. Ukuran serbuk kayu sawit 40-60; 60-80; 80-100 mesh. Dengan MAPP (5%) dan Minarex-H (5%). Pencampuran (pengadonan) bahan baku tersebut dilakukan menggunakan alat Rheomix 3000 HAAKE Mixer dengan kondisi operasi 180oC dan 60rpm selama 20menit. Pengujian yang dilakukan berupa uji serapan air, kuat tarik, kuat lentur dan uji morfologi menggunakan alat Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat tarik, kuat lentur, serapan air dan morfologi material WPC dipengaruhi oleh ukuran serbuk batang sawit dan rasio campuran serbuk batang sawit/PP. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada ukuran serbuk batang sawit (40/60; 80/100) dan rasio campuran serbuk batang sawit/PP (60-80; 80-100) mesh, yaitu dengan kuat tarik54,84 kgf/cm2, kuat lentur1,74 kgf/cm2 dan serapan air 5,97%.
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    Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi dan Komposisi Katalis Zeolit Alam Pada Pembuatan Plastisizer Isobutil Stearat
    (2013-05-17) Jerry; Nirwana; Irdoni; Qaulan, Salamun
    Produksi plastisizer dari minyak nabati sampai saat ini masih sangat terbatas, untuk itu perlu mengembangkan plastisizer berbasiskan minyak nabati. Plastisizer minyak nabati dapat disintesis secara esterifikasi menggunakan katalis asam. Kebanyakan reaksi esterifikasi menggunakan katalis homogen asam seperti H2SO4, HNO3 dan HCl yang sulit untuk dipisahkan dari produk. Alternatif katalis yang dapat digunakan untuk reaksi esterifikasi adalah zeolit alam, yang telah terbukti efektif untuk reaksi esterifikasi dan merupakan katalis heterogen yang mudah dipisahkan dari produk hasil reaksi. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengsintesis plastisizer isobutil stearat secara esterifikasi menggunakan katalis zeolit alam yang teraktivasi menjadi H-Zeolit, dan mempelajari pengaruh waktu reaksi dan komposisi katalis, Variasi komposisi katalis Zeolit Alam yang digunakan 5, 10 dan 15% berat berbasis berat asam stearat dan waktu reaksi 180, 240, 300 dan 360 menit, dengan variabel tetapnya adalah temperatur 1000C , perbandingan molar asam stearat terhadap isobutanol 1:6 dan kecepatan pengadukan 175 rpm. Dari uji hasil esterifikasi memperlihatkan bahwa komposisi katalis dan waktu reaksi berpengaruh pada saat kesetimbangan reaksi belum tercapai . Kondisi operasi optimal yang diperoleh pada komposisi katalis 10% dan waktu reaksi 300 menit dengan konversi reaksi 60,26% mol. Karakteristik plastisizer yang didapatkan memenuhi standar plastisizer komersil, dengan nilai viskositas 3207,19 M.Pa.s dan specific gravity sebesar 0,828.
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    Pengaruh Waktu Reaksi dan Perbandingan Molar pada Proses Pembuatan Isobutil Oleat dengan Katalis Zeolit Alam
    (2012-11-09) Gunawan; Irdoni HS; Nirwana
    High supply of crude palm oil in Indonesia has created many opportunities for downstream industry on palm oil industry. One of alternatives for this downstream palm oil industry is esterification of oleic acid that contained in crude palm oil. The purpose of this research are to make isobutyl oleat by esterification of oleic acid and isobutanol using H-Zeolit as the catalyst, to determine molar comparison and reaction time that produce highest reaction conversion, to compare physic attributes among the product and build linear multiple regression from reaction conversion result. In this research, the variation of reaction time area 3, 4, 5, 6 hours and molar comparison between oleic acid and isobutanol are 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:9 with fixed variable are reaction temperature 100 oC, agitator speed 175 rpm, and mass of catalyst is 15% of mass of oleic acid. From product analysis showing that reaction time and molar comparison between oleic acid and isobutanol affect the product conversion reaction. The best operation condition is at molar comparison 1:9 and time reaction 4 hours that produce 62.75% reaction conversion. The physical and chemical properties from the product meet the commercial plastisizer. While water content of the product still exceed the standard of commercial plastisizer. The multiple regression result from the conversion reaction Y = 2,166 * X1 + 3,801 * X2 + 17,149 where Y is conversion reaction, X1 is reaction time and X2 is molar comparison between oleic acid and isobutanol.
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    USE PAC (POLY ALLUMINIUM CHLORIDE) PURIFYING MATERIAL AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE PROCESS DEVELOPMENT OF GULA SEMUT (GRANULAR PALM SUGAR) FORM NYPA FRUITICANS WURMB
    (2014-03-27) Irdoni, Hs; Nirwana
    Sugar in the from of powder or flour is known as granular palm sugar. Granular palm sugar from aren (Nypa Fruiticans Wurmb) which is one source of alternative sweeteners from palm trees that have great potential. With high sucrose content. In addition to containing source, granular palm also contain a mixture of fructose and glucose. This research aims to produce granular palm sugar. Granular palm sugar are eligible for public consumption and industry. This study consists of three phases the first phase of the experiment is to determine the optimum composition polialumunium chloride (PAC) as a purifying material. A second phase of studying the process of dual use decolorization activated charcoal and ion exchange resins and the third stage of studying the influence. Polialumunium chloride (PAC) of the quality of granular palm sugar produced. The results showed that the PAC can be used as an alternative purification material in manufacturing of granular palm sugar and the composition of the optimum polialumunium chloride is the addition of 1% Ca(OH)2 5%. In the process of double decolorization give the best results on the composition of the PAC 1% to 57% color value T with 14.44% sucrose. The end product of granular palm sugar with 57% T (Pale Yellow) color, and reductions sugar of 9.8%.