Oil and gas exploration activities always produce follow-up materials that is produced water with the number of millions of barrels per day. Oil field produced water has a chemical composition with different concentrations ...

The produced water (PW) is wastewater generated from the extraction of oil and gas production. The PW from Minas oilfiledis around 13.5 million m3 per day and contains metals thatare boron (B) = 7,46±0,13 mg/L as B3+and ...