GENETICS DIVERSITY IN MANGO (Mangifera) SPECIES WITH OFF-SEASON FRUITING IN PEKANBARU, RIAU-INDONESIA

Abstract

Across the Riau Province, Indonesia, the mango (Mangifera) shows a wide agroecological diversity and varietal wealth which can be exploited for off-season production. Mango various species are adaptable for fruit production with diverse seasons in this area. In mango, off-season production is based on the genotype, environment and chemical interaction imposed on the mango trees. Thus there is an ample scope in that area to work out specific mango cultivars for off-season production. Therefore, the said study was conducted during August 2010 to August 2011 with the objectives to investigate and characterize the off-season mango cultivars with existing soil of Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, Indonesia using genetic diversity and field survey as selection criterion. The relevant morphological, agronomic and anatomic data were analyzed with NTSYS-pc 2.02i program. Three different Mangifera species M. indica (with 32 cultivars), M. sumatrana (one cultivar) and M. odorata (one cultivar) were included in the study. However, 11 cultivars belong to M. Indica viz; arumanis, golek, manalagi, bapang, apel merah gedong gincu, cowasji patel, surkha panditlawa, inayat pasand, atu-atu, jamuna were found with superior fruit characteristics and bearing. These cultivars produced fruits for long time period (February to October). Based on similarity matrix, mango of Pekanbaru City has genetic similarity value of 0.21 to 0.87. Lowest similarity value was noticed in cultivar manalagi found in tampan-8 and cultivar gedong gincu originated in payung sekaki-4. However, highest similarity value was observed in cultivar manalagi found in bukit raya-4 and bukit raya-6. Cluster analysis manifested that genetic diversity in mango of Pekanbaru City was 13-64% with similarity level of 36-87% and formed seven main groups at 38% but not grouped on the basis of local islands.