Abstract:
Sorting systems at oil mills produce off-grade oil palm (palm fruit maturity beyond grade). Off-grade oil palm produced in Riau province estimated 437 – 625 tons / hour. Processing off-grade oil palm will only produce Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which has low quality. Therefore we need an appropriate technology to process off-grade oil palm to make it more economically valuable. Oil extraction method consists of traditional methods, artisanal methods and conventional methods. Artisanal method requires only simple technology and aims for obtain maximum yield. Presses a tool used in this study is Spindle hydraulic press. Off-grade oil palm steamed in a sterilizer unit using a variety of steaming time 120 minutes, 180 minutes, and 240 minutes. Once the steaming time is reached, the fruit of steaming pressed by using a variation of pressure 10 bars, 20 bars, and 30 bars. During hot pressing water added as much as 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Data analysis that yields, levels of free fatty acids (FFA), moisture content, and the content of impurities. The data were analyzed using the response surface method (RSM). Obtained the maximum yield is 13.18% with levels of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) 21.54%, water content 6.41%, and 1.59% levels of impurities when using sterilization time of 120 minutes, pengepress pressure of 30 bar, and the addition of 15% of hot water.
