DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Zahrina Ida"

Browsing by Author "Zahrina Ida"

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ADSORPSI LOGAM Fe DENGAN ZEOLIT 4A YANG DISINTESIS DARI FLY ASH SAWIT
(2012-10-24) Aima, Siti; Zahrina Ida; Zultiniar
Fe is one of the heavy metals that are harmful if levels exceed the thres hold. This material is often found in waste output streams, both industrial waste and house hold waste. The presence of iron in the water is a thing to watch out for and be considered because of its toxic if it enters in to the human body. To reduce the concentration of these metals Fe, an alternative that can be used is by adsorption process using zeolite 4A synthesized from fly ash of oil palm. The method used in the Fe metal adsorption process is a batch method. This study begins with the equilibrium curve to determine the optimum contact time. Analysis of adsorption results performed by AAS. The parameters used in this study is the initial concentration of 100 ppm, the stirring speed of 150 rpm, a dose of 1 gram of zeolite 4A, the variation in pH of the solution (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) and temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C). Results showed that the time to achieve the equilibrium state for 4 hours, with the highest percentage of adsorbed Fe is 98.0% of 100 ppm metal Fe(II) is used, the optimum operating conditionsare at pH 6 and room temperature (≈ 30oC).
ESTERIFIKASI PFAD (PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE) MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT DENGAN VARIABEL SUHU REAKSI DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(2012-10-30) Karunia, Antonia Frenny; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Petroleum fuel requirement for future always increase but still little alternative energy to make balance. Therefore, it’s important to research alternative energy for fuel substitution of petroleum. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is raw material that have big potency to produce alternative energy, one of alternative energy is biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the alternative source substitution to made diesel oil that use reaction of vegetation oil esterification. Esterification is reaction of free fatty acid (FFA) with alcohol to form metil ester (biodiesel) and water. Esterification PFAD use H-Zeolit that preparation of natural zeolites, alcohol that used for esterification reaction is methanol. The change variable of esterification PFAD that use are reaction temperatur ( 600C ; 650C ; 700C) and the mixer speed (100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm) and for fixed variable are ratio of molar PFAD : methanol is 1:5 and heavy ratio H-Zeolit catalyst is 15 % (basic PFAD). Biodisel which result will be analyse viscosity kinematic, density, cloud point, flash point, and cetane number. This research got highest reaction conversion when temperatur reaction is 650C and the mixer speed is 300 rpm that is 38,37 %.
ESTERIFIKASI PFAD (PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE) MENJADI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H-ZEOLIT DENGAN VARIABEL WAKTU REAKSI DAN KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(2012-10-30) Silitonga, James; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Requirement of petroleum for future always increase suitable with development that happened in Indonesia. But, if we realize, in the reality not enough existing petroleum reserve to fulfill requirement in the future. Therefore, from this time important to think of alternative energy that able to be developed as substitution. Petroleum is fossil fuel which can not to be innovated. PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Distillate) is raw material that have big potency to making biodiesel. Biodiesel is one of the alternative source substitution to made diesel oil that use reaction of vegetation oil esterification. Esterification is reaction of free fat acid with alcohol to form ester and water. Esterification PFAD use H-Zeolit that preparation of natural zeolites, alcohol which used for esterification reaction is methanol. Esterification PFAD variable is time reaction ( 30 minute, 60 minute and 90 minute), the mixer speed (100 rpm, 200 rpm, 300 rpm), ratio of molar PFAD : methanol of 1:5 and heavy ratio H-Zeolit catalyst is 15 % (basic PFAD). Biodisel which result will be analyse viscosity kinematic, density, cloud point, flash point, and cetane number. This research got highest reaction conversion when reaction of 60 minute and mixer speed is 300 rpm that is 39,26 %.
OPTIMASI KONDISI PROSES (KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN DAN TEMPERATUR) ADSORPSI LOGAM Fe DENGAN ZEOLIT 4A
(2012-10-24) Sari, Maya; Zahrina Ida; Zultiniar
Iron is one of the heavy metals that are harmful if the measure exceeds the threshold. Degradation of water quality caused by the existence of which the iron content that already exists on the ground because of the layers of soil through which the water contains certain chemical elements, one of them is iron. The methods to reduce the concentration of dissolved metals, particularly heavy metals are growing rapidly at the moment is adsorption, because not only easy to do but also quite high effectiveness and cost required is quite low. The adsorbent used is zeolite 4A synthesized from a mixture of silica and alumina with a volume ratio of 60/40, stirring the reactants need 3 hours and heating the gel need 8 hours. This research aims to study the effect of stirring speed and temperature the adsorption of metal Fe with zeolite 4A using Response Surface Method approach-Central Composite Design and obtain optimum conditions for the absorption of Fe metal with zeolite 4A. stirring Rapid is done by variation of 300 to 600 rpm and the temperature variation of 30 to 60 c. Ion concentration of Fe (II) sulfate was analyzed using AAS. The results obtained showed that zeolite 4A able to adsorb up to 97.439% Fe and obtained optimum conditions for stirring Rapid 1230 rpm and a temperature of 87 c.
Pembuatan Biodiesel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Dengan Proses Catalytic Cracking
(2015-12-12) Israyandi; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Crude oil is a very important requirement in life. Fuel used now derived from petroleum are not renewable and dwindling availability. Biodiesel is one of the solutions of these problems. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can substitute for petroleum diesel is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats. The manufacture of biofuels by using catalytic cracking feedstock used cooking oil. Research variable that used is the variation of temperature process, 380oC, 400oC, 420oC and weight ratio of raw materials to the zeolite that has activated 1:50, 1:75, 1:100. This research aims to produce a maximum yield of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by catalytic cracking catalyst with NZA. The best Yield was obtained which amounted to 82% in comparison with the catalyst 420oC with ratio temperature and raw materials is 1:50.
PENENTUAN PERSAMAAN EMPIRIS KORELASI WATER CUT HASIL PRODUK CONDENSATE DENGAN TEMPERATUR DAN BUKAAN VALVE PADA PROSES FIN FAN COOLER DI FASILITAS TEST STATION
(2013-04-25) Satam; Bahruddin; Zahrina Ida
Oils production tends to decline in line with the ability of the oil wells that have been in operation long enough. However the growing demand of oil needs required the improvement of new method for oil recovery. The research as purposes to know opening valve and temperature effect with output condensate product and water cut, hydrocarbons composition in condensate product and determine empiric equations of condensate product and water cut at fin fan cooler facility. Sample had been taken step by step with temperature (700, 800, 850, 900, 950 and 1000F) and opening valve variation (75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% and 100%), after tuning and calibration on temperature control valve. The data analysis and graphics represented that increase opening valve and temperature has significant effect with output condensate product and water cut. But the composition of hydrocarbon in condensate product doesn’t show significant effect. Regression analysis in the determination of empiric equation corellation condensate product and water cut to produce equations: Y1 = -0.40545 + 0.00369 X1 + 0.00548 X2. Y2 = 1.4055 - 0.0037 X1 - 0.0055 X2. Remark: Y1 = Condensate (% volume), Y2 = Water cut (% volume), X1 = Valve Open (%), X2 = Temperature (oF).
PENGARUH LAJU PEMBEBANAN ORGANIK TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI LIMBAH CAIR SAGU MENGGUNAKAN BIOREAKTOR HIBRID ANAEROB
(2012-10-23) Yunitamel, Lusy; Ahmad Adrianto; Zahrina Ida
Nowaday, production sago in Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti reaches 450,000 tons per year. Increased production of sago starch is followed by an increase of sago wastewater. In producing sago starch needs 20,000 liters of water per ton of sago which 94% water will be wastewater. The wastewater has a high COD levels and potention to converted be biogas. One of treatment for sago wastewater to be biogas uses hybrid anaerobic bioreactor which combines the suspended growth systems and attached growth system. The object of this research is to determine the optimum of organic loading rate with highest biogas production. The research uses hybrid anaerobic bioreactor with volume 10 liters and media stones. The variation of the organic loading rate is 12,5: 16,7, 25 and 50 kgCOD/m3day and conditioned at room temperature. The results showed that the organic loading rate has influence in producing biogas. The biogas production optimum at the organic loading rate 25 kgCOD/m3day and steady state on 14th days with production of biogas is 41,600 ml.
PENGARUH PLASTISIZER MINAREX TERHADAP SIFAT DAN MORFOLOGI MATERIAL WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITE BERBASIS BATANG SAWIT
(2013-03-13) Maulana, Ady; Bahruddin; Zahrina Ida
Oil palm stem is solid waste in oil plam plantation. Oil plam stem content high cellulose which not much in use with optimal. Oil palm stem have potential for filler in Wood Plastic Composite (WPC). The aim of the research is to study the effect of content of oil palm stem particle (SBS) and content of minarex on the morphology and properties of WPC based on a mixture of oil palm stem particle (SBS) and polypropilene (PP). Ratio used of SBS/PP is 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 with sizes of the SBS is 60-100 mesh. As Plastisizer was use minarex- H with values of 0%, 2% and 10% mass. As Compatibilizer was use Maleated Anhydrid Polypropilene (MAPP) of 5% mass. WPC samples were prepared using Rheomix 3000 HAAKE mixer at temperature of 170ºC, Rotor speed of 60 rpm and time of 20 minutes. Physical testing of WPC focused in water content, bulk density, water absorption and thickness swell and mechanical testing of WPC focused in tensile strength, flexural strength. Beside that morphology testing of WPC using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result showed ratio of SBS/PP and high content of minarex in WPC will degradate of properties of WPC. The best mechanical properties of WPC are on SBS/PP mass of 50/50 for tensile strength, 61.57 kg/cm² and SBS/PP mass of 60/40 for flexural strength, 2,68 kg/cm².
Penyisihan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Limbah Cair Pabrik Sagu Menggunakan Bioreaktor Hibrid Anaerob Pada Kondisi Start Up
(2012-10-23) Lestari, Azian; Ahmad Adrianto; Zahrina Ida
Industrial development was followed by an increase of sago starch sago wastewater generated. In producing sago starch takes 20,000 liters of water per ton of starch, which is 94% water would be liquid waste sago. Sago effluent has COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) to 100,000 mg / l. These conditions will have a negative impact on the environment if not managed properly. One way to lower the COD content by using hybrid anaerobic bioreactor. Conditions Start up is one of the important conditions in wastewater using hybrid anaerobic bioreactor, because this happens to reach the steady proliferation of microorganisms. This study aims to review the condition of the start-up of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor COD parameter and observing the resulting biogas. The research was carried out with a flow rate of 2 l / day at room temperature. The results showed that the COD removal efficiency of the largest obtained 90,45% with pH 6.2 as well as the operation of the biogas production of 14 982 ml / day. The results of this study indicate that the start-up of hybrid anaerobic bioreactor lasts for 59 days.
Perengkahan Asam Lemak Sawit Distilat Menjadi Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Zeolit Dengan Variasi Temperatur Reaksi dan Rasio Umpan/Katalis
(2013-04-04) Pandiangan, Jesmar; Zahrina Ida; Yenie Elvi
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of the manufacture of cooking oil. Cracking PFAD to produce biofuel has been done through the process of catalytic cracking using Ni/zeolite catalysts. The reaction was carried out at 340, 355, 370 oC and variation ratio reactant/catalysts 200/4, 220/4, 240/4 gram. The results of cracking PFAD obtained by physical characteristics of the product approaching specification diesel fuel the density 832 kg/m3, viscosity 1.66 cSt, flash point 33 oC and calorific value of 10.191,862 kal/g. PFAD cracking results obtained product with the highest yield of 23,78% at temperature of 355 oC with a variation ratio reactant/catalysts 220/4 gram. Product cracking at analiysis with method GCMS and known biofuel dominant contain compound of pentadekane ( C15H32)
Perengkahan Katalitik Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Parit Menjadi Biofuel Dengan Katalis Ni/Zeolit
(2013-04-24) Fathrullah, Randri; Zahrina Ida; Yenie Elvi
Nowadays, an increase fuel consumption due to lower production of oil exploration that drives the search for alternative fuels as a substitute for petroleum-based energy. On the other side of the CPO parit which is a waste from the manufacturing process of palm oil has a high potential to be used as raw materials for biofuels. This research aims to study the catalytic activity of Ni/zeolite on cracking reaction CPO parit into biofuel to the effects of temperature and percentage of catalyst (based on feedback) as well as the physical characterization. The research was in the temperature range 300oC to 360oC and the percentage of catalyst (based on feedback) 0.33%, 0.25%, 0.2%. Characterization of catalysts using XRD and analysis of components in the product using GCMS (Gas Cromatography Mass Spectra). At the reaction temperature of 360oC and 0.20 percentage catalyst that produces the greatest yield of 20%. The resulting product is generally in the form of diethyl ether, octane, pentadecane. The results of product characteristics CPO parit cracking process known density: 0.848gr/cm3, viscosity: 1.7mm2/s, and a flash point at 48oC.
Perengkahan Katalitik Minyak Goreng Bekas Untuk Produksi Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Cu/Zeolit
(2014-11-02) Saputra, Benny; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Fossil fuel is the primary source of energy derived from fossil and non-renewable, and availability is limited. Biofuel is one of the solutions and alternative energy sources. This study aims to produce a maximum yield of biofuel from catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil with catalyst Cu / Zeolite. Yield maximum of biofuel is obtained at a temperature of 400 0C with catalyst ratio 1/75 of 62.5%. Cracking results were analyzed by GCMS method. Cracking product is a liquid alkane constituent of the fuel of 69.85% with conversion amount 43.66%.
Perengkahan Katalitik Minyak Goreng Bekas Untuk Produksi Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis Ni/Zeolit
(2015-12-12) Bachtas, Gatot Putra; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Diversification of energy is the utilization of alternative energy, one of which is biofuel (BBN), which is a readily available alternative energy in Indonesia. This study aims to produce a maximum yield of biofuel from catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil catalyst with a Ni / Zeolite. Cracking performed in a stirred batch reactor for 3 hours with a catalyst concentration Ni / Zeolite 1% and N2 flow rate 150 ml / min. Yield maximum of biofuel is obtained at a temperature of 400 0C with catalyst ratio 1/75 amount 67.5%. Cracking results were analyzed by GCMS method. Cracking product is a liquid alkane constituent of the fuel of 75.34% with conversion of 48.97%.
PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK MINYAK JELANTAH MENGHASILKAN BIOFUEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS FeMo/ZEOLIT
(2013-07-16) Faluti, Arman; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Has done research used cooking oil catalytic cracking produce biofuel with the help of FeMo catalyst/zeolite and varying temperatures (380, 400 and 420oC) and the concentration of Fe/Mo (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% by weight). The purpose of this research study the effect of two variables on yield (%) resulting product, knowing the main constituent component of biofuels and the best conditions of the catalytic cracking process used cooking oil. Of research, yield (%) highest product of 69.71% is obtained at a temperature of 400oC and the concentration of Fe / Mo 1% by weight. GC-MS analysis of the results obtained the highest conversion of biofuel product that is equal to 67.99% at 400oC temperature and concentration of metal Fe / Mo 1% by weight.
PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK MINYAK JELANTAH UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BIOFUEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS NI-MO/ZEOLIT
(2013-07-09) Saputra, Riko; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
The use and utilization of biofuel became the main alternative to overcome the problem of dependence on fuel. Biofuel can be produced from the cracking of waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil can be converted into biofuels through a catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni.Mo / Zeolite. Metal concentration was varied at 0%; 0,5%; 1%; and 1,5%; with a variation of the reaction temperature, 380oC, 400oC and 420oC. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Maximum product yield obtained at a temperature of 400oC with metal concentrations 1.5%, amounting to 108 ml with 43.06% biofuel conversion. Biofuel composition obtained Diesel: 42.82 %
PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK PALM FATTY ACID DESTILLATE (PFAD) MENGHASILKAN BIOFUEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS Ni/ZEOLIT
(2013-07-02) Devi, Gustina; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Utilization of renewable alternative energy is needed to overcome the dependence on fossil fuels. One alternative energy that can be harnessed from the vegetable. Biofuel can be produced from the cracking of fatty acids, one of which is Destillate Palm Fatty Acid (PFAD). PFAD can be converted into biofuels through a catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Ni / Zeolite. Metal concentration was varied at 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% with a variation of reaction temperature 360oC, 380oC, 400oC and 420oC. Cracking process using nitrogen gas with a flow rate of 150 ml / min. Yield (%) of products and highest biofuel conversion obtained respectively 97% and 67% at the reaction temperature of 400oC with a concentration of 1% Ni metal. Biofuel composition obtained Gasoline are 8%, and 60.61% Kerosene plus Diesel.
Perengkahan Katalitik Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Menghasilkan Biofuel Menggunakan Katalis FeMo/Zeolit
(2013-05-29) Fachrul; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Technology development and rapid population growth led to a number of requirements both in the fields of energy and transportation. Increased fuel consumption but are not offset by the amount of inventory, that needs to be pursued to look for alternative fuels, one of them is biofuel. Catalytic cracking of PFAD with free fatty acid (as palmitic acid) is quite large and with the aid of FeMo/Zoelite catalyst is expected to produce biofuel. This research was conducted to study the effect of temperature variation and concentration of metal to yield (%) the products, to knowing the main component of biofuel and the best process operation from variation of temperature and concentration of Fe/Mo in catalytic cracking of PFAD. Highest product yield (%) obtained was 96% at temperature 400oC and 1,5 (% weight) concentration of Fe/Mo . The results of GC-MS analysis show highest biofuel yield obtained was 74,80% (Gasoline 11,31%, Kerosene and Diesel 63,49%) at temperature 400oC and 0,5 (% weight) concentration of metal.
Perengkahan Katalitik Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Menghasilkan Alkana Cair dengan Katalis CoMo/Zeolit
(2013-05-30) Ritonga, Irvaisal R.; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can not be renewed but dwindling availability. Biofuel is one of the renewable alternative energy that can replace petroleum. This study aims to produce a maximum yield of biofuel from catalytic cracking of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) with catalyst CoMo/zeolite. Yield maximum biofuel obtained at a temperature of 400 0 C with a concentration CoMo on zeolite of 1% that is equal to 88%. Cracking results were analyzed by the GCMS method. Cracking product is pentadecane, hexadecane and heptadecane.
PERENGKAHAN KATALITIK PALM FATTY ACID DISTILLATE MENGHASILKAN BIOFUEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS FE/ZEOLIT ALAM (VARIASI KONSENTRASI LOGAM FE DAN TEMPERATUR REAKSI)
(2013-06-05) Handayani, Fitria; Zahrina Ida; Yelmida
Petroleum is fossil fuels that unrenewable but the avaibility decreases. Biofuel is an alternative energy resource processed from vegetable oil which can subtitute petroleum. Biofuel can be produced through a catalytic cracking process of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). This research is aimed to reveal the process of producing biofuel of PFAD through a catalytic cracking process using a catalyst Fe/ Natural Zeolite and reveal the effects and the best condition of temperature variety and concentration of Fe on the yield of biofuel. The results show that the higher the temperature and the concentration of Fe works, the more likely biofuel yield increases. The best condition is obtained at temperature of 420oC and 1,5% Fe concentration that produces the highest yield product and total fraction of biofuels sequentially for 71,11% and 70,18%.
Perengkahan Katalitik Palm Fatty Acid Distillate Menjadi Biofuel Dengan Katalis Fe/Zeolit
(2013-04-25) Firmandani, M. Arief; Zahrina Ida; Yenie Elvie
Nowdays, fuels needs in Indonesia are increased instead the productions of fuels are decreased. 94 Palm Oil Indusitries in Indonesia produce Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) 750 thousands tons a year. PFAD can be conversed into biofuel by catalytic cracking process. In this research Fe/Zeolite catalyst is used by the compositions 0% to 1,5% by rates of agitations 300 to 600 rpm, the temperature is 380oC and the flowrate N2 is 150 ml/minute. Biofuels was obtained by the higest yield (%) is 88% and the conversion is 58,8% on the concentration of Fe/Zeolite is 0,5% and rate of agitation is 500 rpm. The compositions of Biofuel gained are 9,76% Gasoline, 57,06% Kerosene and Diesel.

Browsing by Author "Zahrina Ida"

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