Browsing by Author "Sahan, Yusnimar"

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    Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil off-grade Over a ZnO Catalyst Presipitant Zinc Carbonate
    (2016-04-22) Sahan, Yusnimar; Heliyanti, Sri; Alamsyah, M. Antoni
    Crude Palm Oil off-grade (CPO off-grade), a CPO product contains high free fatty acid‘s content (FFA > 5%). This oil is produced from Palm fruit off-grade which have categorized includes abnormal size, immature, pass to mature, and decay. In the refinery industries, this oil is rejected because it can be generate a low quality of cooking oil. Generally, this oil has been used to produce a biodiesel or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) over a catalysts. In this research, this oil is converted to a crude biodiesel over Zinc oxide (ZnO) as a heterogeneous catalyst. This catalyst was prepared from zinc carbonate precipitant by a hydrothermal method. The ZnO catalyst can be made easily and the raw materials is cheap. The goal of this research is to increase CPO off-grade added value and determine the catalytic activity of the ZnO catalyst. The activity catalytic of ZnO is evaluated by regenerating the spent catalyst and it is reused several times in the transesterification reaction cycles. Results, yield of crude biodiesel is obtained maximally 96%. The catalytic activity of ZnO catalyst is high, and it cam be re-used determined by regenerating the spent catalyst, then it was regenerated and r-used four times in the transesterification reaction cycles. The catalytic activity of ZnO catalyst till retain in the 4th. reaction cycle giving the yield of crude biodiesel in the range of 96 – 71%. Overall, conversion CPO off-grade to crude biodiesel over ZnO catalyst was significant high. This ZnO catalyst is potential as a catalyst in the biodisel production
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    Gold Separation of Computer Circuit Board scraps (CCBs) By Sodium Metabisulphite as a Precipitant
    (2016-04-22) Drastinawati; Sahan, Yusnimar
    In the electronic and telecommunication industries, gold has been applied for sinyal strength than other metals such as copper. Gold recovered on electronic scraps namely computer circuit main board, printed circuit board, handphone printed circuit board. Based on characterization results, computer circuit board scraps (CCBs) contains gold and other metals such as copper, lead, alumunium, ferous, nickel, zinc, and silver. It is essential to separate the precious metal of CCBs. Generally, gold separation has been done by cyanide and amalgamation methods. Separation by these methods produce a high gold‘s purity (>80%) and it can be done in a simple way. Yet, mercury and cyanide are very toxic for living things, causes death for them. In this research, gold separation of computer circuit boards (CCBs) has been done by leaching and precipitation methods. In general, recovery gold of electronic scraps has been done by pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy methods The method was applied in gold separation processes from modificated methods already existence. This paper reports a promosing method to separate gold of CCBs. Aqua regia and HNO3 solutions lwere used in the leaching processes, and sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) was applied in the precipitation process. Silver, Copper, ferous, alumunium, lead etc. are relatively instable ions and dissolved in HNO3, but gold is stable as a solid residue in HNO3 solution. Gold separation of solid residue by leaching with aqua regia. Gold formed a brown solid with the amount precipitated is 0.089g in the 5g CCBs samples was treated, also gold found high purity 98.9% .
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    Konversi Biji Alpukat Menjadi Bio-oil Dengan Metode Pyrolysis Menggunakan Katalis Zeolit Alam
    (2015-10-27) Agustin, Dian; Sahan, Yusnimar; Bahri, Syaiful
    Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak semakin meningkat setiap tahun, sementara jumlah cadangan minyak bumi (non-renewable) semakin menurun. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya mencari bahan bakar alternatif baru dan terbarukan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan konversi biji alpukat menjadi bio-oil. Biji alpukat merupakan limbah yang mempunyai asam lemak bebas cukup tinggi dan belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses Pyrolysis konversi biji alpukat menjadi bio-oil, yaitu 50 gram biji alpukat, silinap 500 ml, laju alir gas N2 1,35 ml/detik, variasi katalis zeolit alam terhadap sampel 1:50, 2:50 dan 3:50 gr, variasi temperatur 270, 300 dan 330 ºC dan sebagai pembanding dilakukan proses Pyrolysis tanpa katalis. Hasil yield Bio-oil tertinggi sebesar 79,08 % yang diperoleh pada kondisi rasio katalis terhadap sampel 2:50 gr dan temperatur 330 ºC. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Bio-oil secara fisika diketahui densitas 0,988 gr/ml, viskositas 7,560 cSt, angka keasaman 0,1002 mg NaOH/gr sampel, titik nyala 56 ºC dan nilai kalor 17,354 MJ/kg. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kimia GC-MS menunjukkan 5 komponen dominan dalam Bio-oil pada penggunaan zeolit alam 2 gr yaitu (2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene), (3,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene), (Diisobutylene), (2,4,4-trimethyl-3-pentene) dan (2-methyl-trimer-propene) dengan luas area berturut- turut yaitu (7,84%), (7,82%), (5,69%), (3,82%) dan (3,58%).
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    Konversi Tongkol Jagung Menjadi Bio-Oil dengan Katalis Zeolit Alam
    (2013-03-22) Sahan, Yusnimar; Rahma, Siti; Agustin, Dian
    Telah dilakukan penelitian konversi tongkol jagung menjadi bio-oil dengan menggunakan zeolit alam sebagai katalis. Tongkol jagung merupakan limbah yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber biomassa, karena selain bahan ini mudah didapat dengan jumlah yang berlimpah juga mengandung kadar unsur karbon 43,42% dan hidrogen 6,32% dengan nilai kalornya berkisar antara 14,7 - 18,9 MJ/kg. Pada penelitian ini tongkol jagung yang sudah dikeringkan dengan ukurannya -40+60 mesh di pyrolysis pada temperatur 320 °C dan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm, digunakan variasi berat katalis 1; 2; dan 3 % b/b. Hasil pirolisis biomassa tongkol jagung menghasil beberapa komponen yaitu yang paling tertinggi adalah minyak atau cairan hasil terkondensasi sekitar 36%, kadar abu arang rata-rata 31% cukup tinggi, dan kandungan tamya adalah komponen yang paling kecil sekitar 11%, serta diperkirakan kandungan gasnya 11%. Sedangkan hasil bio-oil yang telah dikarakterisasi dibandingkan dengan syarat mutu bahan baku untuk dijadikan biodiesel adalah densitas dan viskositas minyak tongkol jagung memenuhi standar, sedangkan angka keasaman minyak ini tidak memenuhi syarat yang telah ditentukan.
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    Study of Performance of the Electric Generator Portable With NaCl Concentration Variation
    (2016-04-22) Amri, Idral; Sahan, Yusnimar; Martina; Sari, Jenita Maya
    In Indonesia, the consumption of fossil oil as an energy resource will be reduced from 52% in 2015 to 20% in 2025. Galvani cell is one of many energies alternative, and it can be used as an electric resources. In this research, the portable electric generator was designed and builds to generate electric. This generator consists of magnesium AZ91 as an anode, the metal cell MAB5A as a cathode, and NaCl solution as an electrolyte. The objective of this research is determine the performance of this generator by using NaCl concentration variation 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10% and amount of the electrodes pair. The performance of this equipment was measured with a multi tester and Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulb. Results, LED bulb was light on for 31 hours by using NaCl 10% and 10 electrodes pair, this generator unit produced the electric voltage 15.47 volt.