Browsing by Author "Iwan Fermi, Muhammad"

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    Catalytic Cracking Cangkang Sawit Menjadi Bio-Oil dengan Katalis Ni/Zsm-5 dalam Reaktor Slurry
    (2013-05-14) Sunarno; Bahri, Syaiful; Iwan Fermi, Muhammad; Widiyanto, Rahman
    Indonesia merupakan produsen sawit terbesar di dunia dengan luas perkebunan sawit 9,7 juta hektar dengan total produksi 19,8 juta ton pada tahun 2010. Produksi sawit Indonesia yang tinggi menyebabkan penumpukan limbah padat sawit yang menjadi ancaman pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satu limbah padat dari sawit adalah cangkang sawit. Limbah cangkang sawit dihasilkan sekitar 6-7% dari tandan buah segar. Dalam cangkang sawit tersusun atas senyawa lignin(21%), selulosa(40%) dan hemiselulosa(24%). Senyawa tersebut dapat dicracking menjadi bio oil sebagai alternative energi terbaharukan. Pada penelitian ini proses catalytic cracking cangkang sawit dengan menggunakan katalis Ni/ZSM-5 dan thermo-oi sebagai media pemanas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi optimum catalytic cracking cangkang sawit dengan katalis Ni/ZSM-5 dan mengkarakterisasi bio-oil yang dihasilkan. Variabel yang dipelajari suhu operasi (290, 300, 310 dan 3200C) dan rasio katalis/biomass (1,2,3 dan 4%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yield bio-oil optimum pada suhu 3100C rasio katalis NiZSM-5/Biomass 3% adalah 58,7%. Hasil karakterisasi bio-oil secara fisika diperoleh densitas 0,981 gr/ml, viskositas 12,98 cSt, angka keasaman 80,3 grNaOH/gr sampel, titik nyala 520C dan nilai kalor 43,31 MJ/Kg. Hasil analisa GC-MS menunjukkan komponen utama dala
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    Hubungan Koefisien Perpindahan Massa Dengan Bilangan Reynolds Pada Adsorpsi Logam Cu Menggunakan Adsorben Abu Sekam Padi
    (2013-05-17) Heltina, Desi; Sunarno; Iwan Fermi, Muhammad; Julianti, Melda
    Logam Tembaga (Cu) merupakan salah satu jenis logam berat yang bersifat toksit, yang keberadaannya di lingkungan apabila melewati ambang batas yang ditentukan dapat menimbulkan pencemaran atau rusaknya lingkungan. Salah satu hal yang perlu dilakukan dalam pengendalian dan pemantauan dampak lingkungan akibat pencemaran logam Cu ini adalah dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan abu sekam padi. Penelitian adsorpsi ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam penanganan limbah khususnya logam Cu.Beberapa hal yang dapat dipelajari dari proses adsorpsi salah satunya mempelajari koefisien perpindahan massa yang merupakan hal penting untuk data perancangan kolom adsorpsi logam Cu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan koefisien perpindahan massa terhadap variabel yang mempengaruhinya dengan bilangan Sherwood. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan adsorbat larutan logam Cu 9,988 ppm dan adsorben abu sekam padi dengan ukuran 40 mesh dan tinggi unggun 5 cm.. Variabel penelitian adalah variasi laju alir adsorbat sebesar 5,32 ml/s; 8,21 ml/s; 11,34 ml/s Larutan logam Cu keluaran kolom ditampung pada waktu tertentu, dan dianalisa dengan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara koefisien perpindahan massa dengan variabel yang mempengaruhinya dalam bilangan Sherwood ditunjukkan pada persamaan Sh = 201,542 Re1.
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    OPTIMASI PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI KARET DENGAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
    (2013-05-04) Zulfansyah; Iwan Fermi, Muhammad; Maa Rasyid, Cici
    Response surface method was used for the evaluation of the effects of various factors on the synthesis of biodiesel from rubber seed oil with sodium hydroxide as the catalyst. The production of biodiesel was optimized and model response equation was obtained, and able to predict the biodiesel production from the values of the three main factors. It would seem that the catalyst concentration and oil/methanol ratio predominatly determined the reaction convertion, while the reaction temperature had no significant effect on the yield of biodiesel. The catalyst concentration and oil/methanol ratio showed positive effects on the perolehan of biodiesel. However, there were no significant interactions among the variables according to test of statistic significance. The yield of biodiesel product predicted at the optimum condition was 86%. Finally, biodiesel from rubber seed oil at the optimum condition has density of 882 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40oC was 7.70 mm2/s, flash point at 23oC, cetane number was 62,06 and acid value was 0,16 mg KOH/g.
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    Pembuatan Pulp Semi Kimia dari Ampas Tebu dengan Ekstrak Abu Tandan Kosong Sawit
    (2013-05-08) Holy, Valiant; Zulfansyah; Iwan Fermi, Muhammad
    In Indonesia, pulp industry has increased in the last two decades. In 1987, the pulp production capacity was only 0.5 million tons and increased to 6.5 million ton in 2007. Until now, 70% of pulp`s raw material came from natural forest. Wood as pulp`s raw material need to be reduced due to environmental concern and its availability continue to decline. Bagasse was lignoselulose which have potential as an alternative resource for pulp. Semi chemical process were pulpmaking process that combining chemical and mechanical process. This research was studied the physical properties of pulp with liquid to solid ratio (8/1, 10/1, and 12/1) and cooking time (2, 3, and 4 hours). The result shows that bagasse pulp have yield of 58.17% - 61.04%, lignin 18.27% - 21.34%. Yield pulp from bagasse has been achieved requirement for semichemical pulp.
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    Pembuatan Pulp Semi Mekanis dari Batang Jagung dengan Ekstrak Abu Tandan Kosong Sawit
    (2013-05-08) Maulvi Sani, Ikmal; Zulfansyah; Iwan Fermi, Muhammad
    Indonesia was ranked ninth producers to supplied the pulp industry. Wood still used as the main raw materials with natural wood supply more than 70%. The pulp industry worldwide always faced a problem on lack of raw material due to deforestation. Corn stalks is an alternative source of non wood fiber for making pulp. This research was investigated the influence variable process with chemi-mechanical pulping of corn stalk toward pulp properties. The variable process were used solid to liquor ratio (8/1; 10/1; and 12/1) and cooking time (2 hour; 3 hour; and 4 hour). The pulping of corn stalk was accelerated in batch reactor with normal boiling temperature. The results showed pulp with yield 53,43 - 58,50%.and lignin 11,35 - 13,91%.. The influence of variable process on the pulp properties was significant. The increased variable process were caused decreased of yield and Indonesia was ranked ninth producers to supplied the pulp industry. Wood still used as the main raw materials with natural wood supply more than 70%. The pulp industry worldwide always faced a problem on lack of raw material due to deforestation. Corn stalks is an alternative source of non wood fiber for making pulp. This research was investigated the influence variable process with chemi-mechanical pulping of corn stalk toward pulp properties. The variable process were used solid to liquor ratio (8/1; 10/1; and 12/1) and cooking time (2 hour; 3 hour; and 4 hour). The pulping of corn stalk was accelerated in batch reactor with normal boiling temperature. The results showed pulp with yield 53,43 - 58,50%.and lignin 11,35 - 13,91%.. The influence of variable process on the pulp properties was significant. The increased variable process were caused decreased of yield and Indonesia was ranked ninth producers to supplied the pulp industry. Wood still used as the main raw materials with natural wood supply more than 70%. The pulp industry worldwide always faced a problem on lack of raw material due to deforestation. Corn stalks is an alternative source of non wood fiber for making pulp. This research was investigated the influence variable process with chemi-mechanical pulping of corn stalk toward pulp properties. The variable process were used solid to liquor ratio (8/1; 10/1; and 12/1) and cooking time (2 hour; 3 hour; and 4 hour). The pulping of corn stalk was accelerated in batch reactor with normal boiling temperature. The results showed pulp with yield 53,43 - 58,50%.and lignin 11,35 - 13,91%.. The influence of variable process on the pulp properties was significant. The increased variable process were caused decreased of yield and lignin content pulp.
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    Potensi Penerapan Gasifikasi Biomassa pada Pabrik CPO
    (2013-05-08) Hermanto; Iwan Fermi, Muhammad; Zulfansyah; Zahrina, Ida
    Indonesia is the world largest palm oil producer with over 23 milion tons of crude palm oil (CPO) production in 2010. About 77% of CPO is exported and the rest is used for domestic consumption. In the palm oil processing, one ton of fresh fruit bunchs can produce 0.23 ton CPO and 0.41 ton of solid waste like empty fruit bunchs, kernel shell and mesocarp fibre. Wheres in plantation, fell trunk, fronds of felling and annual pruning are the the main bio-waste. Some of these fibres and shells are utilized as fuel for mill’s boiler. Biomass energy potentials from palm oil processing were estimated about 83 GW. The objective of this paper is to present the result of study about biomass gasification potential on palm oil mill to generate electricity. The mass heat efficiency and electrical efficiency for biomass gasification were observed were 27.5 % and 25.6 % respectively, and from total biomass were estimated 21 GWe of electricity will be produce. The implementation of biomass gasification in Indonesia will fulfill the electricity demand and reduce the environmental problem in indonesia.
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    Rekayasa Proses Pemanfaatan Biomassa sebagai sumber Energi dan Bahan Kimia
    (2013-04-16) Zulfansyah; Heliarity, Sri; Iwan Fermi, Muhammad
    Biomassa merupakan sumber daya alam terbarukan yang dapat dimanfaatkan baik sebagai sumber energi maupun bahan kimia melalui proses yang tepat. Konsep pengolahan biomassa ini dikenal dengan biomass refining yang didefmisikan sebagai proses berkelanjutan biomassa menjadi produk seperti pangan, pakan, bahan kimia, dan bahan bakar. Gerbang proses pengolahan biomassa yang paling populer adalah pulping, yaitu proses pemilahan biomassa menjadi komponen-komponen utama penyusurmya seperti selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin. Sedangkan gerbang proses lainnya yang berbasis pemanfaatan energi biomassa adalah gasifikasi, yaitu proses konversi biomassa menjadi gas sintesis yang mudah terbakar. Baik pulping maupun gasifikasi saat ini masih memiliki kendala. Proses pembuatan pulp yang ada di Indonesia pada umumnya masih mengandalkan bahan baku kayu hutan yang jumlahnya semakin menipis, serta menggunakan proses kraft yang belum dapat dikategorikan sebagai proses yang ramah lingkungan. Sementara itu, teknologi gasifikasi biomassa yang diyakini merupakan cara terbaik dalam mengkonversi biomassa menjadi bahan bakar belum berkembang.