Browsing by Author "Erman"

Now showing 1 - 13 of 13
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    THE EFFECT OF OIL-METHANOL MOLAR RATIO AND REACTION TIME ON THE SYNTHESIS OF BIODIESEL USING SODIUM ACETAT ACTIVATED CLAY HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
    (2014-05-21) Nurhayati; Erman; Muhdarina; Mulyani, Sri
    Biodiesel is mainly produced from vegetable oils or animal fats by the method of transesterification reaction using catalysts. Many heterogeneous solid acid and base catalysts have been studied for the transesterification of various vegetables oils. In this study the transesterification of vegetables oil to fatty acid methyl esters was studied using sodium acetat activated clay catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by adding 200ml CH3COONa 1M to 10gr clay, stirred, washed and calcined at 300oC for 3 hours. The transesterification reaction was performed with variation of the oil-methanol molar ratio and reaction time. Furthermore, the quality of biodiesel produced were characterized by ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) method i.e. viscosity, flash point, carbon residue, cetane number and acid number, and the analysis result was compared with standardize (SNI). Free Fatty Acid (FFA) of waste cooking oil before synthesis was also calculated. It was found that the maximal production of biodiesel which is 78,033% when the oil-methanol molar ratio is 1:6 and 8 hours of transesterification. The characterizations of biodiesel produced have no significant different and all of those were in the range of Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)
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    KARAKTERISASI LEMPUNG PALAS YANG DIAKTIVASI DENGAN NaOH SECARA IMPREGNASI
    (2013-03-13) Sari, Derima; Nurhayati; Erman
    Natural clays can be used as adsorbents, ion exchange resins, and catalysts or catalyst supports. Natural clay has some laxity such as low thermal resistance, relatively low cation exchange capacity and acidity. Furthermore, lot of impurities in the lattice clay surface can cause destruction to the structure of the clay. Therefore, the characteristic of natural clays needs to be improved, one of which is through chemically and physically activated. In this research, natural clay was activated with NaOH (NaOH/Clay 5% w/w) through impegnation method and calcination at temperature 300oC. Activated clay was identified including the composition by XRD, the ratio Si/Al by gravimetric method, cation exchange capacity by the Nessler reagent, surface area by methylene blue method and the acidity and alkalinity of clay by titration Alkalimetry and acidimetry. Based on XRD result, showing that the activation of natural clay with NaOH causes kaolin transformed into muscovite and producing sodium alumina silicate compounds. Furthermore, activated clay has value of rasio Si/Al, cation exchange capacity, surface area, acidity and alkalinity that are 3.87, 43.117 meq/100 g, 24.07 m2/g, 0.5635 mmol/g and 0.3375 mmol/g respectively.
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    KARAKTERISASI LEMPUNG TALANAI YANG DIAKTIVASI DENGAN NaOH MENGGUNAKAN METODE REFLUKS
    (2013-07-30) Putri, Adelina; Nurhayati; Erman
    Natural clay has the disadvantage of low cation exchange capacity and not resistant to heating, and the number of impurities on the surface and in the lattice clays. In the use of natural clays as adsorbents not provide optimal results. Activation of the physico- chemical characteristics are expected to improve the natural clay. In this study, activated natural clays with 2M NaOH with reflux method, by using a three-neck round bottom flash. During the last reflux stirring constantly using a magnetic stirrer for 8 hours. Clay activation results identified by XRD analysis and characterized by parameters Si/Al ratio determined using the gravimetric method, CEC using Nessler reagent as measured by spectrophotometry, acid and alkaline sites determined using titration method alkalimetri and acidimetry, as well as the surface area is determined by the absorption the methylene blue clay as measured by spectrophotometry. XRD analysis results indicate that the activation of natural clay kaolinite using NaOH lead turned into sodium alumina silicate. Characterization results showed an increase in CEC, surface area, acid and alkaline clay site activation, but the Si/Al ratio decreased. Activation clay CEC value meq/100g 487.94, the surface area of 24.77 m2 / g, acidity 1.225 mmol / g, 1.087 mmol alkalinity / g and the ratio of Si/Al 2,901.
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    Kebijakan Pemberdayaan Perempuan ( Kajian Tentang Upaya Pemberdayaan Perempuan Di Desa Buluh Cina Kecamatan Siak Hulu)
    (2015-04-13) Asrida, Wan; Erman
    Desa Buluh Cina merupakan salah satu dari delapan desa yang ada di Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar yang kaya akan potensi sumber daya alamnya. Sebagai desa yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, didukung dengan jumlah perempuan yang juga besar dan usia produktif namun hampir 60% tidak memiliki pekerjaan dan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah maka diperlukan upaya dari pemerintahan desa untuk melakukan pemberdayaan perempuan melalui kebijakan, program dan kegiatan yang sasarannya dirasakan bagi perempuan. Sehingga dapat berpartisipasi dalam pembangunan umumnya dan peningkatan ekonomi keluarga khususnya.
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    KESETIMBANGAN ADSORPSI Pb(II) PADA LEMPUNG ALAM DESA PALAS KECAMATAN RUMBAI
    (2013-06-25) A, Mafut; L, Amilia; Erman
    Natural clays have potential as adsorbents of heavy metals in wastewater treatment processes. This is due to the high adsorption capacity and selectivity of the clay. This research was done by contacting the clay directly with Pb (II). This study aims to determine the adsorption equilibrium models corresponding to the adsorption of Pb(II) with natural clay from Palas village. The study was conducted with reference to the adsorption equilibrium models which are Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption equilibrium models. Adsorption equilibrium is the model with R2 values approaching 1 and smallest χ2 value which a suitable model equation for Pb adsorption on natural clay from Palas village. Some variables studied in this research were the contact time, adsorbate concentration, temperature, weight of adsorbent and pH. Analyzes Pb was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that Langmuir equilibrium model was the most suitable equilibrium model, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9979. It was found that the optimum conditions of several variables were 30 minutes for contact time, 20 ppm for adsorbate concentration, 30oC for the temperature, 1 g for adsorbent weight and pH 7. Thermodynamic parameter data obtained from the adsorption equilibrium experiment are 3.150 kJ mol-1, 6.5343 kJ mol-1 and 11.169 J molK-1 for ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG respectively. It can be concluded that the type of adsorption which dominates the natural clay from Palas village is physical adsorption which is characterized by low ΔH (<20 kJ mol-1), and positive value of ΔG (3.150 kJ mol-1).
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    KESETIMBANGAN ADSORPSI Pb(II) PADA LEMPUNG ALAM DESA TALANAI KABUPATEN KAMPAR
    (2013-03-07) Yuwanti, Riha; Erman; Nurhayati
    Heavy metal removal into environment causes serious of soil, endangering the quality of water and natural resources used for human consumption, therefore need to be a way to reduce the heavy metal by adsorption method. Adsorbent are used commonly activated carbon, clay, seaweed and marine algae. This study used natural clay as an adsorbent from Talanai village due to easily available, inexpensive, and has a high enough capacity to redeem the levels of heavy metal ions. Natural clays are heated 105oC used to adsorb Pb metal by the influence of contact time, concentration, temperature, weight of adsorbent and pH in order to study the adsorption equilibrium of natural clay. The method for the adsorption is batch method, in which adsorbate is mixed with an adsorbent and then filtrate was separated by centrifuge. Then the filtrate was directly analyzed by SSA. The results showed that the optimum contact time obtained is 15 minutes, the concentration of 20 ppm, a temperature of 60oC, weight of 1 g and a pH optimum adsorption at pH 6. Adsorption equilibrium models can be represented by the Langmuir equilibrium model of the value of R2 is 0.999. Adsorption type used in this study is physical adsorption (fisisorpsi) which is characterized by a low value of ΔH and positive that is 6.254 kJ / mol and ΔS = 12.35 J / mol K. ΔH is positive that indicates that the reaction is endothermic. ΔG also is positive the value is 2.511 kJ / mol, can be concluded that the reaction is not spontaneous
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    KINETIKA ADSORPSI KATION Pb(II) OLEH LEMPUNG ALAM DESA TALANAI YANG DIAKTIVASI NaOH PADA KALSINASI SUHU 600oC
    (2013-03-07) S., Lihin; Nurhayati; Erman
    Natural clay is a part of earth that has pores and active sites on its surface. In this case the clay can be used for removing heavy metal pollutants because it has properties as an adsorbent. The purpose of this study is to determine adsorption rate constant (k) of natural clays activated NaOH through the metal adsorption of Pb(II) under the influence variation of concentration, temperature and contact time. This study uses natural clay from Talanai Village activated with a concentration of 1 M NaOH (L1) and clay without activation (Lo) as a metal adsorber Pb(II) in the solution of Pb(NO3)2. Activation of clay with NaOH was done by immersion method, followed by calcination process of at a temperature 600oC. The results showed that the maximum absorption of Lo is at concentration of 10 mg/L and L1 at 20 mg/L. Lo is the maximum at temperature 30oC and L1 at 50oC. Adsorption kinetics in this study meets pseudo orde-two correlation with coefficient R2 value (0.996 to 0.999). The rate constant (k) adsorption of Lo is -0,864 mgg-1 min-1 and L1 is 5.336 mgg-1 min-1
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    KINETIKA ADSORPSI KATION Pb(II) OLEH LEMPUNG ALAM DESA TALANAI YANG DIAKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA
    (2013-03-08) S., Rianova; Nurhayati; Erman
    Clay is a natural inorganic polymer this has aluminosilicate hydrate form. It is widely known as the fraction of fine colloids (± 2 μm) of soil, sediment or rock. If the clay absorbs water, it is like a plastic form and instead will harden if dehydrated. Clay can be used as an absorber of heavy metals present in the aquatic environment and solid waste, such as Pb which is toxic for humans and animals. There are many method that have been developed to reduce the concentration of Pb ions in the environment, one of which is through adsorption method. This research has been done to study adsorption kinetics of metal ion Pb2+ on natural and modified clay. This natural clay is physically activated. This research was conducted with various concentration of Pb2+, adsorption temperature, and contact time respectively. Analysis is performed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophometry method. The result showed that the optimum for the absorption at initial concentration 7.8658 mg/L (L0 and L1) and temperature 30oC. The adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) cation-Talanai clay follows the pseudo second-order kinetic with the maximum uptake time for L0 is 120 minutes and L1 is 300 minutes
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    Laporan Perbaikan Proses Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Dinamika Kimia
    (2015-07-28) Erman
    telah dilakukan kegiatan penelelitan terhadap perbaikan terhadap proses pembelajaran mata kuliah dinamika kimia dijurusan kimia fmip_unri tahun ajaran 1999/2000. sebagai pembanding dipakai hasil ujian mahasiswa pada jurusan yang sama tahun ajaran 1998/1999, 1997/1998 dan semester pendek 1998/1999. kegiatan ini di awal dengan pembuatan GBPP-SAP, diktat kuliah , dikta t contoh soal dan latiah serta buku ke rja mahasiswaa. setiap topik di berik an secara kuliah mimbar dengan bantaun OHT disertai dengan diskusi dan tanya jawab. selanjut nya mahasiswa diberikan tugas latihan diwaktu kuliah dan pekerjaan rumah.
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    Model Kinetika Adsorpsi Pb(II) pada Lempung Talanai Kalsinasi 500"C
    (2013-03-21) Nurhayati; Muhdarina; Linggawati, Amilia; Erman
    Kemampuan daya scrap lempung alam Desa Talanai terhadap kation logam Pb(II) dalam media air telah dianalisis dengan mempelajari kinetika dan model Isoterm adsorpsinya. Sebelum analisis, lempung tersebut diaktivasi secara fisika dengan cara kalsinasi pada suhu SOO^C selama 3 jam. Analisis dilakukan dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi, suhu, dan waktu kontak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi penyerapan optimum dari lempung terhadap ion Pb(ll) untuk konsentrasi awal pada adsorbat (Pb) adalah 95,3634% pada suhu 65°C. Kinetika serapan lempung mengikuti kinetika Pseudo orde-dua dengan nilai adalah 0,999 dengan harga tetapan laju (k2) adalah 2,081 mg/g min.
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    PENYARINGAN SULFAT DAN SULFIDA AIR SUNGAI SIAK MENGGUNAKAN KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM/ARANG AKTIF/PASIR COR UNTUK MENGHASILKAN AIR BERSIH
    (2013-07-30) Silaban, B. B.; Amri, T. A.; Erman
    Water is a source of life. Liquid waste goes into the river body can cause a negative impact on the quality of river water. The advantage of sulfate and sulfide content can be toxic to humans. To reduce sulfate and sulfide content to look for the exact method. Composite screening can reduce sulfate and sulfide content of the river water. In this study, composite made from natural rubber as a matrix and active charcoal and cast sand as filler. Filler is used by 5% of the total rubber used. Composites made with filler comparison between active charcoal with sand cast, namely: 0: 100, 50: 50, and 100: 0. Composite with comparison of active charcoal : sand cast = 100: 0 has a efficiency largest in reducing concentrations of sulphate and sulphide to sulphate that is 24,952% and 11,519% for sulfide. In general, the more active charcoal content in the composite the greater the effectiveness of sulfate reduction and sulfide content. The information get from this research are very useful from to solve the problems in the river water and utilization of materials that have not been on used optimal.
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    SINTESIS BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS LEMPUNG PALAS: AKTIVASI NaOH DAN KALSINASI PADA 500oC
    (2014-03-27) Yuliani, E.; Nurhayati; Erman
    Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel that is derived from the transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat and alcohol using a catalyst. In this research, transesterification of oil into biodiesel was conducted using a heterogeneous catalyst of Palas clay that was activated with NaOH and calcinated at 500oC. The method carried out to obtain optimum biodiesel result was done by varying the weight of the catalyst and percentage of NaOH/clay. The optimum biodiesel produced was 89.92 %, that was obtained at the condition of the catalyst weight of 3 g, NaOH/clay 20 %, and the mole ratio of oil : methanol (1:6) treated for 8 hours at temperature of 60oC. The optimum biodiesel produced was characterized by the standards of ASTM (American Standards for Testing and Materials) including water content, specific gravity, viscosity, carbon residue, acid number, saponification number, iodine number, flash point and cetane number. The results showed that the optimum biodiesel is in the range of SNI -04-7182- 2006 for biodiesel
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    STUDI KESETIMBANGAN ADSORPSI Cu (II) PADA LEMPUNG DAERAH PALAS YANG DIAKTIVASI DENGAN NATRIUM HIDROKSIDA (NaOH)
    (2013-08-01) Saragih, O.; Erman; Amri, T. A.
    Copper (Cu) is one pollutant that becomes a problem because it is toxic and is classified as a hazardous waste material so that the presence of this metal in the aquatic environment should be reduced by adsorption. Adsorbent used commonly is activated carbon, seaweed , sugar cane waste and other materials. Clay is a natural mineral which is cheap and readily available as well as a porous material with a large surface area and cation in it that can be interchanged so that it can be used as an adsorbent. Power low adsorption of natural clays can be improved by physical and chemical activation. In this study, use of natural clays from Palas activated with NaOH 2M soaked for 8 hours at a temperature of 105 ± 4oC and calcined at 400o C for 3 hours. Clay activation results were used to adsorb Cu based on the influence of contact time, concentration, temperature, pH and adsorbent weight to study the adsorption equilibrium. The method used is a batch reactor and the filtrate obtained was analysed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the model can represent equlibrium Langmuir adsorption of Cu (II) on clay which is activated with NaOH. It can be seen from the coefficient of determination (R2), that models Langmuir is higher (0.950) than Freundlich (0.931. Exothermic reaction occurs on adsorption clay activation by the value of ΔH = -7,851kJ / mol and ΔS = -42,85J / mol K. Gibss free energy (ΔG) which is positive value 5,131 kJ /mol hence it can be concluded that the reaction is not spontaneous.