VARIASI BERAT DAN RASIO MOL MINYAK:METANOL PADA ESTERIFIKASI CPO (crude palm oil) MENJADI BIODIESEL DENGAN KATALIS LEMPUNG MAREDAN AKTIVASI H2SO4

Abstract

Biodiesel was an alternative fuel substitute for diesel fuel. Biodiesel was made by used crude palm oil (CPO) which has high free fatty acid content. In the esterification of free fatty acid can be converted into methyl ester by using an acid catalyst (clay catalyst activation H2SO4 1 M). Characterized the type of mineral catalyst was by XRD. Biodiesel was synthesis using a two stage process esterification reaction and transestrerification reaction. The esterification reaction was performed using clay catalyst activated H2SO4 1 M (LM1*), with variation weight of catalyst 1%, 2%, 3% and mole ratio of oil to methanol 1: 6, 1:12 and 1:18. Transesterification reaction by using CaO catalyst from Anadara granosa calcinated at 900 ℃ for 10 h. The maksimum biodiesel yield was 72,87%, which achieved on the condition catalyst LM1* with weight of the catalyst 3%, and mole ratio of 1:12 with a reaction temperature of 65 ± 2 ℃ for 3 hours.