Abstract:
Exploration and collection of germplasm is an important link between the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. One of the problems in the development of mango plantation in industrial scale in Sumatera island is the rendering of the cultivars that are grown with climate and soil type on Sumatera. During this time, the mango cultivars originating from the other islands as a source of seeds is failure to bear fruits. To improve the harvest of mango plantations in Sumatera for the foreseeable future, there is a need for exploration and collection of germplasm resources adapted to the high rainfall. The uniqueness of the Sumatran mangoes is the ability to grow, adapt and produce fruit in environments that have high rainfall as well as the diverse habitat types. The interaction with genetic factors will generate the wealth of genetic resources of mango which are different from other areas in Indonesia. The exploration and collection of Mangiferagermplasm in Sumatera has been done to obtain mango accessions that are adapted to high precipitation and soil moisture content. The mango exploration in Sumatera resulted in 10 species of mangoes grow and adapt to the Sumatran environment namely Mangiferafoetida, M. kemanga, M. sumaterana, M. torquenda, M. quadrifida, Mangifera sp1 (wild species), M. ordorata, M. laurina (semi-cultivated), M. indica, M. zyelanica (cultivated). The most adaptive mango to high rainfall is Mangiferaordorata that can grow well at an altitude of 0-800 m above sea level in the west coast of Sumatera
