POLYEMBRIONY STUDY OF MANGOES (Mangifera indica L.) cv.ARUMANIS SEEDLING BASED ON MORPHOLOGY AND DNA MARKERS

Abstract

Arumanis cultivar (Mangifera indica L.) is a polyembriony mango indigenous from Indonesia and is the best cultivar that owned by Indonesia at this time. The characteristics of this cultivar are sweet, soft fiber, low water content, scented fragrance and color of yellow-orange fruit flesh (idiotype), with quality standards that become favorite of international customers (Fitmawati et al. 2009). The major problem in conventional plant breeding mango are the small number of seedlings obtained, the complex nature of panicula flowers, long life cycle, the high heterozygosity pollinate plants and low success rates because of the nature of self-sterile. The result is an excessive loss of quality fruit, due to pushing interest rates to be able to produce fruit lend more difficult than the mango crop. Besides the high heterozygosity mango seedlings caused difficulty obtained a uniform zygotic. cv. Arumanis reproduce through polyembryoni mechanisms, their seeds develop with fertilization called zigotic embryo and the others without fertilization called apomixes (non-zygotic). Apomicts progenies may have the same genotype as their mother plant. This research was aimed to analyze morphology characteristics and the DNA pattern among mother and polyembryoni progenies (zygotic and non-zygotic) and the DNA pattern among progenies (zygotic and non-zygotic).