Abstract:
Fuel crisis caused by rising consumption and declining oil production in Indonesia is a problem that is being faced today. To address the threat of an energy crisis and optimize the potential of energy resources in Indonesia, we need to hold the pace of development of alternative energy that can be renewed. One source of renewable energy that is bio-oil. Bio-oil can be produced through the process of biomass pyrolysis oil palm shell using ZSM-5 catalysts. In this study, pyrolysis process modified by the addition of hydrogen (hydrogenation of pyrolysis), to produce a bio-oil that have the higher heating value. This study aimed to determine the effect of the ratio of ZSM-5 catalysts for bio-oil yield in the hydrogenation of pyrolysis and and to determine the physical and chemical characterization of bio-oil produced. The process of pyrolysis hydrogenation using 50 gram of oil palm shell with sized -40 +60 mesh, 500 ml silinap and stirring speed of 300 rpm. Highest yield (70.21%) obtained by hydrogenation of pyrolysis temperature of 320 0C and ZSM-5 catalysts by about 2.5% by weight of oil palm shells. The results of the characterization of physical properties of the bio-oil obtained by heating value 44.00 MJ / kg, density of 0.972 g / ml, 1.021 cSt viscosity, flash point 49 0C, pH 3.8 and figure acidity 51.51 g NaOH / g bio-oil. GC-MS analysis showed the main content of bio-oil in the form of acetic acid 50.29%, phenol 30.39%, methyl ester 8.19% and ethanol 5.25%. Bio-oil is obtained can be further processed into alternative energy sources substitute of petroleum.
