Asriwandari, HestiJamaluddin2014-03-072014-03-072014-03-07978-983-2457-48-0wahyu sari yenihttp://repository.unri.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/5812The cultural value system of the Petalangan society that settles in Pelalawan regency, Riau, is traditionally, nature-oriented. Each tribe owns their own forest and land. The ownership, utilization, and maintenance of the forest and land are wellregulated by the local custom, reflected in several of their customs. The forests not only serve as a resource to fulfill thei, needs, but also as a model and the core of their life philosophy. Concepts about life, nature, time, work, and the relationship between one and another have been changed and eroded by industrialization. Forests, as the center of cultural orientation, have changed into an economical meaning. The presence of national authority over the ownership and governance of the forest and land rights have brought many changes to the meaning of forests for the Petalangan society. Various interests have turned the forests' from a highly-valued cultural property into a source of conflicts between the government, the industry and the society, be that native or immigrants. Furthermore, the social functions expressed in formal rules, such as national law or regulations, are already eroded by the advancement of individual functions of land and forest owners. All these- conditions work together and bear the potential of creating a social conflict. Cases of local conflicts then appear, which pit the government, with the interest to preserve the forest as a national park area, against the local residents, who are not willing to let go of their forest and land. The analysis in search of the conflicts' sources, and the trialz, to apply the approach of Talcott Parsons' functionalism, is hoped to explain more of the differences of what really happen in the ownership and governance of forest and land rights in the Pelalawan region. Land and forests clearing by large companies cannot be denied as the largest source of conflict. The single cultural value has changed and creates community diversity with economic-oriented interests, which later will slowly erode the forest and land significances as the cultural value orientation of the Petalangan society.enUR-Scientific Work Lecturer