Abstract:
Crude oil is a non renewable fossil fuel resources countinously declining on the other hand its demand for fuel keep increasing so the next few years is expected to experience a shortage of fuel. So it is needed an alternative energy as substitution for crude oil. One alternative way is to convert biomass into bio-oil. Palm shell biomass is one that can be processed into bio-oil through pyrolysis with hydrogenation process using a catalyst HZSM-5. It is expected to produce a bio-oil that approached the quality of the fuel. In this study, biomass, silinap 500 ml, and HZSM-5 catalyst is introduced into the slurry reactor, then flowed gas N2 and H2. at a temperature of 2000C. Variables measured in the study, i.e. biomass size -40 +60 mesh, biomass weight 50 g, stirring speed 300 rpm and flow rate of N2 gas and H2 gas were 80 ml / min. This study is aimed to determine the effect of temperature on the quality of the bio-oil produced. The Optimum yield of bio-oil obtained at 320 ˚C temperature conditions and the ratio of HZSM-5 catalyst and biomass 2% w/w, i.e. 53.664%. Characterization of bio-oil physical properties have given such as calorific value 43.412 MJ / kg; density of 1.042 g / ml; viscosity of 1.3 cSt; flash point of 40 ° C and 56.62 g NaOH / g sample respectively. GC-MS analysis of the results showed various components comprised of the bio-oil, among of them were acetic acid 43.92%, phenol 23.44%, methyl alcohol 14.63%, furancarboxaldehyde 4.65%, and propanoic acid 2.21% respectively.
