DINAMIKA BRAIN DRAIN IRAK KE AMERIKA SERIKAT PASCA RUNTUHNYA REZIM SADDAM HUSSEIN (2003-2012)

Abstract

Iraq political instability after Americans invaded in particular 2003, has created the threat of social, economic and human rights for citizens of Iraq. The increasing number of emigration from Iraq have given Iraq a status “humanitarian crisis”. Iraqi society has been brutalized and traumatized over the past half-century, and such conditions have taken a toll on Iraqi confidence in the future. This research specially aims to analyze the Iraqi professional migration to the United Nations as Brain Drain phenomenon. Iraq's top professionals; doctors, lawyers, professors and businessmen have been targeted by shadowy political groups for kidnapping and ransom, as well as murder. So many have fled the country that Iraq is in danger of losing the core of skilled people it needs most just as it is trying to build a newly independent society. Here, skilled migrants–mostbroadly defined as those in possession of atertiary degree or extensive specialized work experience–include architects, accountants and financial experts, engineers, technicians, researchers, scientists, chefs, teachers, health professionals, and–increasingly–specialists in information technology. In the USA security concerns have impacted on immigration policies to the extent that the number of H1-B visas issued to specialist and expert immigrants has more than halved since 9/11. Once again the USA seems to be best prepared for the needs and trends of the 21st century. Due to its long immigration tradition the US economy is open enough and labour markets are flexible to welcome the global citizens that are looking around for the most promising places to live, to work, to earn money and to spend it. The USA has, for a long time already, been well aware of the benefits to the US population that could be collected by capturing mobile skilled foreign professionals.