CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS CANGKANG SAWIT MENJADI BIO-OIL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS LEMPUNG DESA CENGAR

Abstract

The demand of fossil fuel is increasing each year. On the other hand, the availability of conventional petroleum fuels diminishing due to its non-renewable. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new alternative fuel that can be renewed, one of the solution is the processing of biomass into bio-oil. Bio-oil is a result of the pyrolysis of biomass. Availability of abundant palm shell waste is converted into bio-oil by pyrolysis method using clay catalysts Cengar. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of the catalyst to produce bio-oil, characterize the density, viscosity, acid number, and flash point of bio-oil that produced, as well as analyze the chemical components of bio-oil by GC-MS. Pyrolysis of palm shells with clay catalyst from Cengar in the reactor slurry do by feeding 50 grams of palm shell with the size -40 +60 mesh, silinap 500 ml, variation in levels of catalyst 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% w/w of the feedstock, stirring speed is set to 300 rpm, 320oC temperature, and the process runs for 120 minutes. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained on 2% clay catalyst, amounting to 72,20%. The test results obtained by the physical properties of density 0,981 g/ml, 98,002 cSt viscosity, acid number of 51.55 gr NaOH/gr sample. The result of chemical analysis by GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil was 10,38% 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 9,67% Cyclohexane, 10,33% 5,5-dimethyl-2-hexene, and 15,30% Phenol.