KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN BIOMASSA RAYAP TANAH DI HUTAN ALAM DAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI (HTI) PADA LAHAN GAMBUT DI KAWASAN BUKIT BATU, RIAU

Abstract

The conversion of peat swamp forest into industrial pulpwood (Acacia crassicarpa) plantation forest (“HTI”) has been suspected to cause substantial change in biodiversity, such as might be reflected in termite assemblages. This study was carried out to investigate how such conversion affects subterranean termites diversity and biomass. The study area was conducted at Bukit Batu District, Riau Province. Termite sampling was done in September and October 2011 at four natural forest sites in Bukit Batu Wildlife Reserve and four HTI sites situated near the former. Termites were systematically sampled with the help of a transect of 100 m drawn on each site. We used 10 square subplots (1 m x 1 m) situated along the transect with a regular interval of 10 m, and termites were extracted down to 10 cm deep beneath the peat surface. Nine species were found, consisting of eight genera, four subfamilies and two families. Termite species found only under natural forest were Microcerotermes dubius, Bulbitermes flavicans, Nasutitermes proatripennis and Ceylonitermes indicola. Species encountered only under HTI was Coptotermes curvignathus. Four species occurring in both land use types were Capritermes semarangi, Capritermes mohri, Schedorhinotermes malaccensis and Parrhinotermes aequalis (Sørensen Similarity Index = 61.54%). Termite biomass was relatively small, with only 0.53 ± 0.41 gr/m2 and 0.29 ± 0.19 gr/m2 under natural forest and HTI, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them