Abstract:
Petroleum is a fossil energy sources that are not renewable (non-renewable) production
continues to decline each year. In contrast, the consumption of petroleum products itself
is increasing, so need to try an alternative energy. Bio-oil is one of the non-fossil
alternative energy solutions that can be used as a substitute for petroleum. Riau has a
land area of palm oil and the biggest oil producers in Indonesia. This has an impact on
solid waste palm shells are produced. Bio-oil can be produced through the pyrolysis
process of biomass shell oil with Ni/clay as catalyst. This study aimed to determine the
performance of the Ni/clay catalyst (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% w/w) to yield bio-oil produced
and characterize the physical and chemical properties. Pyrolysis shell oil with size -40
+60 mesh as much as 50 grams of weight, the Ni/clay catalyst 1.5 grams and silinap 500
ml was carried out at 320oC. The results showed that the optimum yield obtained on 1%
Ni/ clay catalyst, amounting to 68.50%. The test results obtained by the physical
properties of density 0.940 g / ml, 9.677 cSt viscosity, acid number 57.021 g NaOH / g
sample, calorific value of 44.609 MJ / kg, and the flash point is 51 ºC. The results of
chemical analysis by GC-MS, obtained the dominant chemical components in bio-oil was
30.49% Phenol, 1.52% 2-propanone, 3.46% Furfural, 5.56% Cyclohexane and 47.33%
Acetic acid. The results of characteristics obtained have approaching the characteristics
of fuel oil and standard of bio-oil.
