Browsing by Author "Yuharmen, Yuharmen"
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Item AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT KO-KULTUR Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 DAN Staphylococcus aureus(Elfitra, 2022-01) Nurhidayati, Rahmadanis; Nurulita, Yuana; Yuharmen, YuharmenPenicillium sp. LBKURCC34 has the ability to produce antibacterial activity by single and co-culture fermentation. To increase diversity of chemical compounds, in this study, Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 was fermented by co-culture with the addition of Staphylococcus aureus on day 3rd for 14 days incubation. To obtain active fractions as antibacterial activity from the ethyl acetate extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) was applied. It resulted in 15 fractions, the highest antibacterial activity against bacteria E. coli in F3A, F6A, and F6B fractions and against bacteria S. aureus in F3A, F4, and F5 fractions with the best activity against S. aureus were F3A that contained nonpolar compounds.Item FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAN UJI KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS DARI FERMENTASI KO-KULTUR Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 DAN Staphylococcus aureus(Elfitra, 2022-03) Krisma, Debby Dwi; Yuharmen, Yuharmen; Nurulita, YuanaPenicillium sp. LBKURCC34 is a fungus that can produce bioactive secondary metabolites so that it can be used as a candidate for antimicrobial compounds producer. This study aimed to initiate separation of antimicrobial compounds from secondary metabolites of co-culture fermentation Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethyl acetate extract of the co-culture fermentation was obtained from liquid-liquid extraction of fermentation media and ethyl acetate solvent. That crude extract was then fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) test was performed on crude extract and all fractions with ethyl acetate – n-hexane (7:3) and ethyl acetate – methanol (3:1) as eluents. Fractionation of crude extract from vacuum liquid chromatography produced 15 fractions with different spot patterns seen under 254 nm UV lamp.Item FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAN UJI KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS DARI FERMENTASI KO-KULTUR Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 DAN Staphylococcus aureus(Elfitra, 2022-02) Krisma, Debby Dwi; Yuharmen, Yuharmen; Nurulita, YuanaPenicillium sp. LBKURCC34 is a fungus that can produce bioactive secondary metabolites so that it can be used as a candidate for antimicrobial compounds producer. This study aimed to initiate separation of antimicrobial compounds from secondary metabolites of co-culture fermentation Penicillium sp. LBKURCC34 and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethyl acetate extract of the co-culture fermentation was obtained from liquid-liquid extraction of fermentation media and ethyl acetate solvent. That crude extract was then fractionated using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) test was performed on crude extract and all fractions with ethyl acetate – n-hexane (7:3) and ethyl acetate – methanol (3:1) as eluents. Fractionation of crude extract from vacuum liquid chromatography produced 15 fractions with different spot patterns seen under 254 nm UV lamp. Keywords: antimicrobial, co-culture, secondary metabolitesItem ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI BONGGOL NANAS Ananas comosus L(perpustakaan UR, 2021-10) Juliansah, Rival; Yuharmen, YuharmenPineapple is a plant that grows in the tropics and subtropics with the scientific name Ananas comosus. L with several active components, one of them is the bromelain enzyme. The aim of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites of n-hexane extract from pineapple weevil and to test the antimicrobial activity of isolated n-hexane extract and its pure compounds. This research by maceration method with n-hexane solvent. Extract separation was carried out by gravity column chromatography which resulted in 4 fractions. In the 2 fraction, the n-hexane extract produced a compound coded Ac-EH in the form of white crystals having a melting point of 128-130ºC. Crystals were characterized by UV spectrophotometer and FTIR. UV spectroscopy results for Ac-EH showed an absorption at max 206 nm. Meanwhile, FTIR spectroscopy shows the presence absorption at wave numbers 1047 cm-1 (C-O), 1379 cm-1 (CH3), 1465 cm-1 (CH2), 2939 cm-1 (C-H) aliphatic and 3309 cm-1 (OH). The results of the phytochemical test showed that the secondary metabolites contained in the Ac-EH compound were terpenoids. Antimicrobial activity tests were carried out on the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and the fungal pathogen Candida albicans used the diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity test results showed that the n-hexane extract and the Ac-EH compound could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria while the fungi were not active against the fungal species tested.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT BUNGA KAMBOJA MERAH (Plumeria rubra)(Elfitra, 2022-10) Muchtar, Ade Wahyu; Yuharmen, YuharmenRed cambodia (Plumeria rubra) is a plant of the Apocynaceae family which is rich in secondary metabolites and has potential as a source of medicines. This study aims to isolate secondary metabolites contained in red frangipani flowers extracted using ethyl acetate as a solvent and to test antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites and test the antioxidant activity of red frangipani flowers from ethyl acetate extract using the DPPH method. Phytochemical test results showed the content of secondary metabolites of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids and phenolic groups. Isolation was carried out by maceration method using methanol as solvent and partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvent. The ethyl acetate extract was separated using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) to produce 7 fractions. In fraction 4 the ethyl acetate extract produced a pure compound in the form of a white powder with a melting point of 264-266°C and coded PrEF4. The FTIR spectrophotometer indicates the presence of absorption in the wave number (cm-1) i.e. 3310 (OH), 2849-2959 (C-H), 1588 (C=C), 1463 (CH2), 1379 (CH3), and 1055 (C-O). The results of the antioxidant test using the DPPH method showed that the ethyl acetate extract had an IC50 191 μg/mL (AAI 0,42) value which was classified as weak and the PrEF4 compound had an IC50 > 1000 μg/mL (AAI < 0,5) value classified as very weak or inactive as an antioxidant.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK METANOL BUNGA KAMBOJA MERAH (Plumeria rubra L)(Elfitra, 2023-10) Zully, Amaliah Ulfach; Yuharmen, YuharmenPlumeria rubra. L or also known as the red frangipani plant is a type of plant that contains various secondary metabolites and has been widely used as a medicine to cure several diseases. This research aims to isolate and characterize pure compounds from the methanol extract of Plumeria rubra flowers and then carry out antioxidant tests on the extract and fractionation results using DPPH free radicals. Phytochemical tests of Plumeria rubra flowers showed terpenoids, saponins, phenolics and flavonoids. The difference in antioxidant activity was influenced by the total levels of phenols and flavonoids so that the phytochemical results indicate that Plumeria rubra flowers have the potential to have antioxidant activity. Based on tests carried out on the methanol extract of Plumeria rubra flowers and the fractionation results show high antioxidant activity. The methanol extract from Plumeria rubra flowers has very strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 44.74 μg/mL and an AAI value of 1.78, while the F1 fraction has the best antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 39.11 μg/mL and an AAI value of 2.04.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DARI BENALU JENGKOL Scurrula ferruginea(Elfitra, 2023-09) Zubaidah, Zubaidah; Yuharmen, YuharmenScurrula ferruginea belongs to the Loranthaceae family which lives on its host, the jengkol tree. Ethyl acetate is a solvent with low toxicity that is semipolar so it is expected to attract compounds that are both polar and non-polar. This research aims to isolate secondary metabolites and test the toxicity of the jengkol parasite plant from ethyl acetate extract using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. The samples were extracted using the maceration method using methanol solvent and partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. The ethyl acetate fraction was separated using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) which produced 7 fractions. Fractions 2 and 3 were separated using gravity column chromatography which produced 6 fractions. In fraction 5, the ethyl acetate extract produced a pure compound in the form of a white powder with a melting point of 279-281°C and codenamed SFEA-F5. The FTIR spectrum was obtained at wavenumber of 3356 cm-1 (OH), 2933 cm-1 ( aliphatic C-H), 1455 cm-1 (CH2), 1021-1166 cm-1 (C-O). Based on the results of the characterization of the SFEA-F5 compound, it is a class of terpenoid compounds. The results of the toxicity test with BSLT showed that the ethyl acetate extract was toxic with an LC50 value of 115,63 ppm.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI BENALU JENGKOL Scurrula ferrugimea Danser(Elfitra, 2023-09) Ramadhita, Yovani Kinanti; Yuharmen, YuharmenScurrula ferruginea Danser is a semi-woody plant from the santalales family and the Loranthaceae family. This plant is considered detrimental because it is a parasite on other plants, but currently S. ferruginea has a lot of potential as a traditional medicine. This research aims to isolate secondary metabolite compounds, characterize the compounds, and analyze the toxicity test of the n-hexane extract of the S. ferruginea plant using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method with methanol solvent followed by a partition process using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents to obtain a thick n-hexane extract. Separation of components in the extract was carried out using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and column chromatography methods. Fraction 2 from the results of column chromatography separation in the form of crystals coded SFH-F2 has a melting point of 134-136°C. Characterization using FTIR was obtained at wavenumber 3300 cm-1 (OH), 1451 cm-1 (CH2), 1380 cm-1 (CH3), 1189 cm-1 (CN), dan 1043 cm-1 and 1036 cm-1 (CO). Characterization using UV-Vis did not show any absorption. Based on the characterization results, the compound SFH-F2 is a terpenoid group. The results of toxicity testing of nhexane extract using the BSLT method obtained an LC50 value > 1000 ppm. These results indicate that the n-hexane extract of the S. ferruginea plant is non-toxic.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI TERATAI PUTIH Nymphaea nouchali Burm. f (Nymphaeaceae)(Elfitra, 2022-10) Kurniawan, Irfan Ari; Yuharmen, YuharmenWhite lotus (Nymphaea nouchali Burm f) is one of the natural ingredients used as traditional medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a scientific study of the chemical content and its effects. This study aimed to isolate secondary metabolites and to test the toxicity of lotus tuber (N. nouchali) from nusing the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The phytochemical test results contained terpenoid, saponin and phenolic secondary metabolites. The isolation used was maceration with n-hexane solvent as much as 1.5 kg of crude sample obtained 9.55 g of thick sample. The obtained macerates were separated by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) method, so that 4 different fractions were obtained based on the Rf of TLC. In Fraction 3 (F3) code NNBFH- F3 white needle-shaped crystals were obtained and recrystallized. The crystal has a melting point of 128-130 oC. FT-IR spectra were obtained at wavelengths of 3268 cm-1 (- OH), 1654 cm-1 (C=C), 2937 cm-1 (aliphatic C-H), 1464 and 1382 cm-1 (CH2 and CH3), 1062 cm-1, and 1054 cm-1 (CO). Based on the results of the toxicity test using the BSLT method, the LC50 value is >1000 ppm showed that the compound obtained was non-toxic.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DAUN BENALU KARET (Helixanthera sp)(Elfitra, 2023-10) Suryani, Marlina; Yuharmen, YuharmenHelixanthera sp is a species of parasite from the Loranthaceae family which can be used as a medicinal plant. This study aims to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites compounds from n-hexane extract of rubber parasite leaves (Helixanthera sp) and carry out a toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Isolation was carried out using theb maceration method using methanol solvent and partitioned using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. The crude n-hexane extract was separated using gravity column chromatography and produced 4 fractions. In fraction 1, dirty crystals were obtained in powder form and recrystallization was carried out to obtain pure compounds. The purity of the compound is determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) test and melting point test. The pure compound obtained was 43,5 mg and was given the code HS-H-F1. The HS-H-F1 compound has a melting point of 158-160 ºC. Characterization of the HS-H-F1 compounds using UV-Vis spectroscopy showed maximum absorption at a wavelength of 278 nm, while the FTIR spectrum showed absorption at wave numbers 2946 cm-1 (aliphatic C-H), 1733 cm-1 (C=O), 1640 cm-1 (C=C) and 1248 cm-1 (C-O). The results of the toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that the n-hexane exctract of rubber parasite leaves (Helixanthera sp) was non-toxic with an LC50 value of ˃ 1000 ppm.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI BUNGA KAMBOJA MERAH (Plumeria rubra L)(Elfitra, 2022-10) Fahmi, Rizal; Yuharmen, YuharmenPlumeria Rubra L is one of the ornamental plants of the Apocynaceae family which has been empirically proven as a medicinal plant. This study aimed to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from an n-hexane extract of red frangipani flowers and to test the toxicity of n-hexane extract from red frangipani flowers using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The sample was macerated using methanol as solvent, then partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvent. Isolation of secondary metabolites of n-hexane extract was carried out using Vacum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) into seven separation fractions. The results of fraction four (4) and fraction five (5) respectively produced the dirty compounds PRL-H-4 and PRL-H- 5. Purification by recrystallization is carried out on each compound, then the pure compound produced will be tested for its melting point and characterized using FT-IR and UV-Vis. The PRL-H-4 compound has a melting point of 248-250ºC with FT-IR results showing absorption at a wave number of 3276 cm-1 which indicates the (OH) group, 2944-2854 cm-1 C-H aliphatic (alkane), 1683 cm-1 (C=C alkene), 1457.28 cm-1 (CH2), 1042 cm-1, and 1036 cm-1 bonds (C-O), in the UV-Vis, results from there is a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 207 nm. The PRL-H-5 compound has a melting point of 130-132ºC with FT-IR results showing absorption at a wave number of 3428-3298 cm-1 which indicates the (OH) group, 2937 cm-1 C-H aliphatic (alkane), 1669 cm-1 (C=C alkene), 1465 cm-1 (CH2), 1382 cm-1 (CH3), 1054 cm-1 bonds (C-O), in the UV-Vis, results from there is a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 203 nm. Based on the characterization results, PRL-H-4 is a triterpenoid compound, and PRL-H-5 is a steroid compound. The results of the toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method showed that the n-hexane extract was non-toxic with an LC50 value of > 1000 ppm.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA BENALU (S. ferruginea) PADA POHON JENGKOL(Elfitra, 2023-09) Valencia, Niken; Yuharmen, YuharmenScurrula ferruginea is a parasite from the Loranthaceae family, this plant is a hemiparasitic plant that lives on the branches or twigs of jengkol plants. This study aims to isolate and test the toxicity of secondary metabolites of the n-hexane extract of the jengkol tree parasite (S. ferruginea) using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. The isolation method used is maceration in which the extract sample is immersed in methanol solvent. The methanol maserate obtained was partitioned using a separating funnel with n-hexane and ethyl acetate as solvents. The n-hexane extract was separated using the vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) method to obtain 7 fractions. The results of VLC separation in fractions 3 and 4 were separated by column chromatography, so that 164 vials were obtained. In vials 38-40 a precipitate formed, obtained dirty brown crystals in the form of needles and recrystallization was carried out. The pure crystals are white crystals in the shape of a needle and are coded with the compound SFH-F3. FTIR spectroscopy was obtained at a wavelength of 3276 cm-1 (-OH), 2959-2848 cm-1 (aliphatic C-H), 1456 cm-1 (CH2), 1437-1369 cm-1 (CH3). Based on the characterization results, the SFH-F3 compound is a steroid class compound which is suspected to be a β-sitosterol compound. The results of the toxicity test for the SFH-F3 compound using the BSLT method obtained an LC50 value > 1000 ppm, which indicates that the compound obtained is not toxic.Item ISOLASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DARI DAUN BAKAU Rhizophora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae)(2021-03) Marunduri, Tri Putra Reformasi; Yuharmen, YuharmenRhizophora mucronata is a type of mangrove that has a variety of secondary metabolite compounds. Secondary metabolites in Rhizophora mucronata include alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, and other phenol compounds. This research have been isolated secondary metabolites of Rhizophora mucronata mangrove leaves as well as toxicity tests by BSLT method. Dried mangrove leaves are then extracted using maceration method with ethanol solvent for 24 hours and filtered, the maceration process is repeated 5 times. Ethanol crude extract as much as 97.36 g is separated by gravitational column chromatography and obtained in the form of dirty crystals on vials 50-70, to get pure crystals done recrystallized and obtained compounds coded Rm-FE yellow crystals with melting point 172-174 ºC. Phytochemical tests conducted on Rm-FE compounds showed a discoloration from yellow solution to pink solution, discoloration showed positive compounds of flavonoid group. Rm-FE UV spectrum indicates the presence of absorption at λmax 274 nm, while the FT-IR spectrum shows peaks at waves of 1053-1141 cm-1 (C-O), 1606-1635 cm-1 (C=C), 2912–2936 cm-1 (C-H aliphatic), and 3309 cm-1 (O-H). Toxicity test results with BSLT (Brine Shrimps Lethality Test) method against ethanol coarse extract from Rhizophora mucronata leaves are non-toxic.Item ISOLASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI DAUN BAKAU Rhizophora apiculata (Rhizophoraceae)(2020-12) Manurung, Jane Hotmauli; Yuharmen, YuharmenMangrove have several compounds that can be used as antibacterial, one of them is Rhizophora apiculata. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites and determine the antibacterial activity from R. apiculata leaves extract. This study used a maceration method with ethanol solvent which was then extracted using hexane. Separation of the extract was carried out by VLC. Fraction F4 resulted in a compound that coded RA-02 in a white solids and decomposed at 108-109 ºC. UV spectrum of RA- 02 indicated absorption at λmax 203 and 312 nm. The FT-IR spectra indicate the peak at wave number (cm-1) are 1165-1246 (C-O-C) ether, 1490 and 1458 (C-H methylen and methyl), 1598 (C=C) and 2852 –2935 (C-H) aliphatic. Antibacterial activity test using agar diffusion method showed that hexane extract can inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli ranges from 11,4 ± 4,22 to 13,77 ± 4,25. These results showed that mangrove plants have the potential to be developed as an antibacterial agentItem ISOLASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI DAUN BAKAU Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L. (Rhizophoraceae)(perpustakaan UR, 2021-07) Aulia, Merisa; Yuharmen, YuharmenMangroves are plants that thrive in coastal areas that have very high potential for bioactive compounds, one of the type of mangrove is Bruguiera gymnorrhiza L. The purpose of this study was the isolation of secondary metabolites and toxicity tests using the BSLT (Brine Shrimps Lethality Test) method. Mangrove leaves were extracted by maceration method using ethanol and fractionated with n-hexane as solvent. The results of the fractionation obtained crude extract as much as 18 g which was dark green. The crude extract of n-hexane was then separated using liquid vacuum chromatography and 6 fractions produced. In fraction 1, it was followed by gravity column chromatography which resulted in the pure compound in the form of white crystals with a melting point of 146-1480C. The crystals were characterized using UV spectrophotometer and FTIR. The UV spectrum showed absorption at λmax 208 nm. While the FTIR spectrum shows absorption at wave numbers 1036 cm-1 (C-O), 1386 cm-1 (CH3), 1465 cm-1 (CH2), 1635 cm-1 (C=C), 2944 cm-1 (C-H) aliphatic and 3042 cm-1 (O-H). The results of the toxicity test using the BSLT method on the crude extract of n-hexane are inactive with an LC50 value of >1000 ppm.Item ISOLASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI DAUN BAKAU Rhizopora mucronata (Rhizophoraceae)(2020-10) Rozi, Fachrul; Yuharmen, YuharmenRhizophora mucronata is type of mangrove that has diverse secondary metabolites, such us alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenol compounds. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites and to determine toxicity test by BSLT method. Leave extraction was carried out using ethanol and then fractionated with n-hexane. The fractionation produced 40 g dark green. Crude n-hexane extract was separated using liquid vacuum chromatography and 6 fractions produced. White crystals were isolated from second fraction of n-hexane with melting poin of 236-238 oC. The crystals were characterized using UV and FT-IR spectroscopy. UV spectrum of RmHF2 indicated absorption at λmax 292 nm. The FT-IR absorption spectrum showed absorption peaks at 1031 (C-O),1376 (C-H) methyl, 1463 (C-H) methylen,1605 (C=C), 1697 (C=O) dan 2942 cm-1 (CH aliphatic). The result of toxicity test by BSLT (Brine Shrimps Lethality Test) method on that crude extract was non-toxic with LC50 value of 841395 ppm.Item ISOLASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DARI DAUN Rhizophora mucronata(2021-01) Mizanty, Denissabianda; Yuharmen, YuharmenRhizophora mucronata is a type of mangrove that has diverse secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to isolate secondary metabolites and to determine toxicity test by BSLT method. Ethyl acetate extract produces a pure substance in the form of white crystals with the melting point of 218-220 oC. The isolated compound was coded as RmEF1. UV spectrum of RmEF1 indicated absorption at λmax 311 nm. The FT-IR absorption spectrum showed absorption peaks at 1037 (C-O), 1384 (C-H) methyl,1472 (C-H) methylen, 1606 (C=C), 1707 (C=O), and 2934 (C-H aliphatic). The result of toxicity test by BSLT (Brine Shrimps Lethality Test) method on that crude extract was non-toxic.Item ISOLASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN BENALU POHON KARET (Helixanthera sp.)(Elfitra, 2023-11) Latifa, Inten Ainun; Yuharmen, YuharmenHelixanthera sp. is a plant from the Lorantaceae family which is often considered a parasitic plant and has no benefits by society. Therefore, this research was carried out to isolate and catalyze secondary metabolite compounds and to test the toxicity of the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves of the mistletoe rubber tree (Helixanthera sp.) using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method (BSLT). The results of the research show that the ethyl acetate extract of rubber tree mistletoe leaves in fraction 5 (F5) is thought to belong to a terpenoid compound which has the functional groups O-H, aliphatic C-H, C=C (alkene) and C-O with a melting point of 170-172 ºC. The LC50 value from the toxicity test of the ethyl acetate extract of rubber tree mistletoe (Helixanthera sp.) leaves in this study was nontoxic.Item PENGARUH FERMENTASI PADA NILAI PH SUSU JAGUNG KETAN UNGU DAN JAGUNG KETAN PUTIH YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN LACTOBACILLUS CASEI DAN LACTOBACILLUS BREVIS(Elfitra, 2023-05) Martini, Martini; Budiari, Setyani; Yuharmen, YuharmenA decrease in pH is one indicator of the growth of microbes in forming organic acids. This study aims to determine the effect of the type of lactic acid bacteria and the fermentation time on the pH value of purple glutinous corn milk and fermented white glutinous corn milk. Purple glutinous corn milk and white glutinous corn milk are made from 10% skim milk, 20% sucrose, 0.2% monosodium glutamate (MSG), and 0.2% vitamin B6 through the pasteurization step at 90oC for 10 minutes, inoculation of bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus brevis) as much as 2% and incubated at 37oC for 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The pH values of purple glutinous corn milk and white glutinous corn milk were measured using a pH meter (Hanna Instruments H12211, USA). The results showed that the effect of the type of lactic acid bacteria and the time of fermentation gave significantly different pH values (p<0.05) for fermented purple glutinous corn milk and white glutinous corn milk.Item UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK METANOL BUAH Solanum ferox L(wahyu sari yeni, 2019-01-15) Arief, Yohana; Haryani, Yuli; Yuharmen, YuharmenFree radicals atoms, molecules or compounds that have unpaired electrons, are very reactive and enstable. Cell damage, due to reactivity of radical compounds cause, it is of various diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease, rheumatism, cataracts, and liver. In Bangladesh, decoction of plant Solanum ferox L is used to treat cough, asthma, fever, and vomit. Wheares, in India, it is as antirheumatic, antiviral, and anticancer. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of Solanum ferox L fruit by the DPPH method. Phytochemical preliminary test showed that young fruit contained alkaloid compounds, while ripe fruit contains flavonoids. Antioxidant activity of Solanum ferox L showed that methanol extract of young fruit was potential as an antioxidant with IC50 of 213. 63 ± 16.30 μg/mL