Browsing by Author "Yuharmen"
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Item BIOSINTESIS NANOPARTIKEL PERAK MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK AIR RIMPANG LENGKUAS (Alpinia galanga) DENGAN BANTUAN SHAKER SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI(2016-10-12) Chalish, Dhia Tijani Al; Haryani, Yuli; YuharmenThe aim of this study was to determine the ability of Alpinia galanga aqueous extract as reducing agent for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. AgNO3 10-3 M solution was reduced using the extract at room temperature by stirring for various ratio of extract and AgNO3 10-3 M solution. Color changing of the solution was detected at 9 hours reaction time. The color tends to be darker by the the increasing of reaction time. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by doing characterization using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Nanoparticles were detected in the wavelength range of 430-450 nm. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles produced was determined for the ratio of 1:5 at a reaction time of 19 hours for silver nanoparticles from Alpinia galanga. Antibacterial activity was performed against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that silver nanoparticles of Alpinia galanga was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Silver nanoparticles solutions were more active in inhibiting the growth of bacteria tested than aqueous extract of Alpinia galanga.Item IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DARI KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN Xylopia malayana Hook. f.et Thomson (ANNONACEAE)(2014-03-27) Amenda, A.; Teruna, H. Y.; YuharmenThe plant family of Annonaceae spreads out widely in Indonesia. This family is best known for its secondary metabolite resource. Xylopia malayana, a species of Annonaceae can be found in Pekanbaru. The objective of this study was to isolate secondary metabolite from the stem bark. It has been carried out using maceration method with n-hexane as the solvent. Separation of the metabolites has been done using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and column chromatography. Nine combined fractions were produced The extract subjected to VLC were obtained nine combined by VLC fraction 1 (Fg 1) to fraction 9 (Fg 9). Fg 2 was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) resulting 35 peaks of coumpounds. This fraction contained some important volatile oils such as caryophyllene oxide (7,40%), 3,4-dimethyl, 3-cyclohexen- -carboxaldehyde (4,98%), valerenal (15,49%), 2-methyl-4- (2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2-butenal (8,37%), hexadecanoic acid (4,31%) and oleic acid (8,14%). The result from toxicity test by BLST method of nine fractions showed only Fg 1 had high toxicity (LC50 = 50,11 ppm)Item IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DARI DAUN TANAMAN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L)(2014-03-27) Juliani, R.; Yuharmen; Teruna, H. YSoursoup (Annona muricata L) was used in herbal medicine. This Annonaceae family member contains alkaloids, tannins, and several other chemical constituents, including asetogenin that allegedly to have cytotoxic potential. The n-hexane and methanol macerating method was applied to isolate the secondary metabolites from the stem bark of this plant. The separation was carried out by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), column chromatography, and gel chromatography respectively. Characterization of the fractions was established using UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry. Toxicity assay was conducted by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The LC50 of 3rd to 11th fractionts of the methanol extract wer 4481.25; 37; 11.46; 0.85; 3.02; 0.23; 10.97; 8.53 and 4093 ppm, respectively. The 3rd and 11th fractionts were not toxic, whereas other fractions were toxic and potential to be used as an anticancer.Item IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK N-HEKSAN DARI KULIT BIJI TANAMAN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L)(2013-07-02) Giawa, P. N.; Yuharmen; Teruna, H. N.Annona muricata is a plant which is used as traditional medicine in Indonesia. Isolation from seed coat of Annona muricata has been done using macerating method with n-hexane and then it was fractionated by column chromatography and recrystalization. Analysis of fractionation result has been done using FT-IR spectrophotometry, UV-Vis and Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). BSLT method was used as an toxicity test at concentrate extract, n-hexane fraction and the result of recrystalization. Four dominant compounds at n-hexane extract are obtained from GC-MS. They are methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl oleate and ethyl oleate. The toxicity test showed LC50 2,42 ppm, LC50 4,79 ppm and LC50 2,42 ppm for crude extract, hexane fraction and recrystalization compound respectively.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI TUMBUHAN Spathoglottis aurea Lindl(2016-05-19) Arjinal; Yuharmen; Teruna, Hilwan YudaIsolation of active coumpound of root Spatoglottis aurea Lindl was done with maceration method using methanol. The methanol extract was partitioned with hexane and obtained a total of methanol extract and hexane. Extract methanol and hexane were fractionated with column chromatography and were obtained separation results 4 fractions that is Fm1-Fm4 and Fh1-Fh4 and the fractions 2 (Fh2) of hexane extract was obtained white crystals. From UV spectra of crystal Fh2 showed there was a transition π →π* indicating that there was Fh2 crystal C=C double bond. Fh2 IR spectrum of the compound showed OH group, GC-MS analysis showed the compound has the formula of C29H50O with a peak molecular ion m/z 414 which was a coumpound of β-sitosterol with a melting poin of 131-133 0C. Antibacterial activity test extract of methanol and hexane were not active against bacteria test, while the fraction of Fh1 and Fh2 hexane extract active against bacteria S. aureus dan bakteri E. coli.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI F3 (V3-6) EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA BATANG SEMBUKAN (Paederia scandens)(2016-10-19) Dewi, Mirna Wati; Teruna, Hilwan Yuda; YuharmenSembukan or kasembukan often called kentut-kentut leaves (Paederia scandens) belonging to family Rubiaceae is one of medicinal plant species in Indonesia. Phytochemical test showed that the stem of this plant contains secondary metabolites terpenoids and saponins. Metabolites of the stems were extracted using n-hexane by maceration method. The n-hexane extract obtained was separated using VLC and purified further using flash chromatography. Vials 3 to 6 were combined (called VG1) based on the TLC patterns then recrystallized and resulting orange solids that are not pure. Characterization of VG1 by UV-Vis spectroscopy and FT-IR allegedly showed functional groups C=O and S-H. Antibacterial activity test using agar diffusion method was performed on VG1 and n-hexane extract. Based on the activity test, VG1 compounds have no antibacterial activity against (negative), while the n-hexane extract had a weak activity against B. subtilis and P. aureginosa.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIJAMUR SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BATANG Goniothalamus sp. (ANNONACEAE)(2016-05-02) Adelia, Ezra Tio; Teruna, Hilwan Yuda; YuharmenThe aim of this study was to isolate the secondary metabolites of the stem bark of Gonoiothalamus sp. and to determine antifungal activity of methanol extract. The methanol extract was fractionated using column chromatography. One of the fractions was recrystallized and found as was yellowish crystals (F4). Its HPLC chromatogram compared with HPLC chromatogram of pinocembrin. The result showed that he yellowish crystals (F4) was pinocembrin. Antifungal assay was conducted by the agar diffusion method against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The methanol extract and F4 exhibited weak activity against Candida albicans with inhibition zone 9.03 mm for methanol extract and 8.50 mm for F4, while methanol extract and F4 was inactive againts Aspergillus niger.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK KULIT MELON (Cucumis melo L)(2016-10-19) Nurhidayah; Yuharmen; Teruna, Hilwan YudaThis study aims to determine the presence of secondary metabolites contained in the melon peel and their antimicrobial activity. Sample was extracted by maceration method using hot aquadest (60℃). The gravity column chromatography of the melon peel extract gave 5 combined fractions. These fractions were subjected to antimicrobial test and FTIR was recorded. Antimicrobial activity test using agar diffusion method with a concentration of 600, 800 and 1000 μg/disc for the extract and 1000 μg/disc for the fractions. Identification showed the presence of terpenoid and phenolic compounds. From 1 kg of melon peel gave 61.85 g of black gummy extract and produced 5 yellow liquid fractions. Melon peel extract showed weak activity againts B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, but not active against A. niger.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK n-HEKSAN DARI KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN Xylopia malayana Hook. f.et Thomson (ANNONACEAE)(2013-03-08) Rahmawati, S.; Hendra, R.; YuharmenJangkang (Xylopia malayana) is an Annonaceae family which is distributed in some parts of Indonesia, especially in the province of Riau. Some genus of this plant has bioactivity as antimicrobia, antitumor, and anticancer. The results of phytochemical test from stem bark Xylopia malayana showed that this plant contains secondary metabolites flavonoid, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Essential oils from the stem bark of Xylopia malayana were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectroscopy (MS). The results of the analysis using gas chromatography showed 35 retention time peaks and mass spectroscopy analysis revealed number of major constituent of essential oil compounds in the form of caryophyllene oxide (7.40%), 3- cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde, 3,4-dimethyl (4, 98%), valerenal (15.49%), 2-butenal, 2- methyl-4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl) (8.37%), and 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) - (CAS) Oleic acid (8.14%). Antioxidant analysis from extract methanol, n-hexane extract, and Fg 2 extracts of stem bark Xylopia malayana revealed that methanol extract gave high activity (IC50 642.77 μg/mL) compared to n-hexane extract, and Fg 2 extracts with IC50 values > 1000 μg/mL. This might be due to the methanol extract of the stem bark Xylopia malayana containing compounds with functional groups which capable of acting as a hydrogen atom donor to the free radical compounds. However, the measure of antioxidant activity was lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid with IC50 values of 14.467 μg/mLItem ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BATANG Goniothalamus sp. (ANNONACEAE)(2016-05-16) Ani, Tri Murni; Teruna, Hilwan Yuda; YuharmenIsolation of methanol extract of the stem bark Goniothalamus sp. (Annonaceae) have been conducted and DPPH method using microplate reader has been performed for antioxidant activity assay. The methanol extract was fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and produced nine fractions called FG1 to FG9. FG4 was recrystallized and generated a pure compound FG4, light yellow crystals. HPLC analysis showed FG4 compound is pinocembrin. FG6 was fractionated by using Chromatotron to give five fractions called FG6A to FG6E. Analysis of the FG6C fraction showed FG6C was not pure indicated by multiple peak in HPLC chromatograms. FT-IR spectrum showed OH, C=O, C-O, CH aromatic and CH aliphatic group. In addition, the FG6C gave a distinctive odour. The results showed that the methanol extract, FG6, FG8 and FG6C have antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 331; 201; 259; and 341.68 μg/mL for each sample, while FG4 fraction and pure compound FG4 was inactive as an antioxidant (IC50 >1000 μg/mL).Item Isolasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antuvflkrobial Ekstrak Daun Pacar Jawa (La Wsonia Inermis Linn)(2015-04-08) Yuharmen; Eryanti, Yum; NurbalatifPerkembangan pengobatan tradisional Indonesia akhir-akliir ini mengalami kemajuan yang pesat. Hal ini didukung oleh keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia yang melimpah. Salah satu kekayaan flora tersebut adalah tumbuhan Pacar jawa {Lawsonia inermis, Liim) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan tumbuhan Inai. Daun tumbuhan Pacar jawa setelah diisolasi dengan pelamt heksan dan metanol, kemudian difraksinasi dengan kromatografi kolom. Ekstrak heksan, ekstrak metanol dan hasil fraksinasinya dilakukan uji aktivitas antimikrobial dengan menggunakan metoda difusi agar. Dari hasil anahsa pendahuluan, tumbuhan Pacar jawa mengandung senyawa terpenoid/steroid, flavonoid dan fenolat. Hasil kromatografi kolom fraksi heksan didapat senyawa LiH yang mempunyai titik didili 130-13rc. Spektrum UV senyawa LiH memberikan serapan maksimum pada = 210 run dan dengan penambalian basa tidak terjadi efek batokromik. Data spektrum IR menunjukkan terjadinya vibrasi ulur OH pada 3430 cm"^, ulur C-O pada 1381 cm"\ 1047 cm"' dan ulur C=C pada 1650 cm'^ Dari hasU uji pereaksi Liebermann-Burchard, senyawa LiH merupakan senyawa golongan steroid dan dari data UV dan IR disimpulkan bahwa senyawa LiH mempunyai gugus OH dan ikatan rangkap C=C yang tidak berkonjugasi. Ekstrak heksan dan hasil fraksinasinya tidak aktif terhadap spesies bakteri dan jamur yang diuji.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK METANOL DARI DAGING BIJI TANAMAN SIRSAK (Annona muricata Linn)(2013-07-20) Murpratiwi, M.; Yuharmen; Balatif, N.Isolation and toxicity test of soursop (Annona muricata L) seed flesh have been done. The isolation of chemical compounds was done by maseration using n-hexane and methanol while its toxicity was determined by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method using Artemia salina Leach. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical compounds from methanol fraction. A total of 1100 g soursop seed flesh yielded 140.8 g of n-hexane extract and 108.6 g of methanol extract. The results of toxicity test showed that n-hexane extract has no toxicity (LC50 = 1122.02 ppm), while methanol extract has toxicity (LC50 = 0.59 ppm). The result of GC-MS analysis showed that the 6th fraction of methanol extract contained methyl palmitic (peak of 1.96 on 20.95 minutes retention time), methyl linoleic (peak of 2.12 on 22.99 minutes), and methyl oleic (peak of 2.23 on 23.05 minutes) based on NIST and WILEY 7 library.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS METABOLIT SEKUNDER EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA KULIT BATANG TUMBUHAN Polyalthia pulchra var. angustifolia King (ANNONACEAE)(2014-03-27) Yuhendri; Jasril; YuharmenThe secondary metabolites of the stem bark of Polyalthia pulchra were isolated and than their toxicity activity assayed using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The sample was extracted by maceration method using n-hexane solvent. Structures of the isolated compounds were conducted using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The dried sample produced 3.21 g n-hexane extract (0.25%) and 0.032 g 2nd fraction of n-hexane (FH2) (0.0025%). The toxicity assay showed that n-hexane extract and FH2 fraction was toxic with LC50 5.9 and 7.1 ppm. From the results of GC–MS analysis, it is shown that FH2 fraction contains campesterol, stigmasterol, and γ-sitosterol compounds with retention times 75.605, 76.568 and, 78.172 minutes, respectively.Item ISOLASI DAN UJI TOKSISITAS SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA DAUN TUMBUHAN Polyalthia rumphii (B) Merr. (ANNONACEAE)(2014-03-27) Asthary, A. A.; Yuharmen; Teruna, Hilwan Y.Isolation and toxicity test of Polyalthia rumphii leaves have been done. The isolation of secondary metabolites of P. rumphii was carried out by maceration method using n- hexane and methanol. The toxicity test was conducted by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method using shrimp larvae as animal test. The analysis of its chemical compound was done using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The amount of 1.5 kg P. rumphii leaves yielded 15.67 grams of n-hexane extract and 91.98 grams of methanol extract. The result of the toxicity test showed that the n-hexane extracts has toxicity activity with LC50 31.05 ppm while the methanol extract has no toxicity activity (LC50 > 1000 ppm). The crystallines obtained from recrystallization using n-hexane were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that a mixture of compound, campesterol, stigmasterol, γ-sitosterol has retention times in 75.680, 76.737 and 78.405 minutesItem ISOLASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK n-HEKSANA RIMPANG TANAMAN Alpinia malaccensis Roxb. (ZINGIBERACEAE)(2016-05-02) Arvint, Ahmad; Yuharmen; JasrilThe secondary metabolites of Alpinia malaccensis rhizomes was isolated and their toxicity activity was assayed using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Isolation the secondary metabolites of this rhizomes was done using maceration method with n-hexane. Separation was carried out by vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). VLC results obtained there were 5 fractions with code F-1 to F-5. F-3 fraction obtained was yellow pure compound (AR3) with a melting point of 133 – 135 0C. Characterization of compound AR3 using UV, FTIR, MS and NMR spectroscopy showed that compounds was desmethoxyyangonin. The toxicity test showed n-hexane extracts, F-2 fraction and AR3 compound were toxic with LC50 11.18; 17.39 and 0.85 ppm respectively. The F-1 fractions was not toxic with LC50 1174.89 ppm.Item ISOLASI MINYAK ATSIRI DARI BATANG Alpinia malaccensis Roxb DENGAN HIDRODISTILASI KONVENSIONAL DAN MICROWAVE SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA(2017-01-24) Cahyani, Anita; Yuharmen; JasrilAlpinia malaccensis plants was one of essential oil source which has antimicrobial activity. Isolation of essential oil from Alpinia malaccensis was carried out with traditional hydrodistillation method and microwave method. Optimal conditions in the traditional method was 6 hours, while the optimal conditions in the microwave method were 100 oC, 600 W, and 90 minutes. Isolation of the essential oil from Alpinia malaccensis with traditional method produces higher yield (0.009%) compared to microwave method (0.002%). Compounds in the essential oil of Alpinia malaccensis stem identified by GC-MS. The main component of essential oil rod Alpinia malaccensis obtained by using hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation is methyl cinnamic as much as 98.24% and 96.97% respectively. Essential oils rod hydrodistillation of Alpinia malaccensis from traditional hydrodistillation method and hydrodistillation microwave method was active as an antimicrobial agent.Item ISOLASI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN KEMANGI (Ocimum sanctum L) CARA KONVENSIONAL DAN MICROWAVE SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTIOKSIDAN(2016-10-19) Anwar, Arief Khaerul; Yuharmen; Zamri, AdelThe aim of this study was to isolate essential oils from Ocimum sanctum L leaves by Clevenger-hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Components of the essential oil were then identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Antimicrobial activity of these oils was determined by this diffusion method against Escherichia coli, the main component of the essential oils was geranial (24.74%) and neral (28.11%) for Clevenger-hydrodistillation method, while geranial (41.85%) and neral (29.07%) for the method microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Our finding for antimicrobial test showed that essential oil of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation was more active than those of Clevenger-hydrodistillation. Antioxidant activity using DPPH assay of the essential oil of Clevenger-hydrodistillation was more active (IC50=513.1802 μg/mL) than those of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (IC50=713.2279 μg/mL).Item KARAKTERISASI DAN ANALISIS FITOKIMIA BENALU YANG TUMBUH PADA INANG SAWO (Manilkara zapota) MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA MORFOLOGI DAN KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS (KLT) DALAM EKSTRAK ETANOL(2013-06-28) Citra, Elwinda; Fitmawati; YuharmenIndonesia is one of mega biodiversity countries that has a high potency as a producent of traditional medicine such as parasitic plant. This plant group is a plant that does not need soil for its growth due to its ability to attach on other plant branch or stem and absorb the nutrient from its host as holoparasitic or semiparasitic plant. One of the parasitic plant hosts is Sapotaceae species, Manilkara zapota (sawo). The objectives of this study were to characterize the parasitic plants on sawo and to analize their chemical compounds using phytochemical test and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) in ethanolic extract. The specimens were collected using survey method and observed their detail morphological characters to provide peoper identification. The simplycia from both parasitic plant and its host (sawo) was divided into three parts i.e. leave, bark, branch and extracted in ethanoloic solvent. The filtrate was evaporated using rotary evaporator, followed by phytochemical test, such as flavonoid, fenolic, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, steroid and alkaloid test. The result of the morphological character examination showed that the parasitic plants on sawo was Scurrula athroporea. The TLC result gave the best chemical compund separation on leaves due to the appearance of many spots. The phytochemical test showed that the parasitic plants and plant hosts contain flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin, terpenoid and alkaloid.Item PERBANDINGAN KOMPONEN MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN RUKU-RUKU (Ocimum tenuiflorum L) YANG DIDISTILASI MENGGUNAKAN CLEVENGER-HYDRODISLLATION DAN MICROWAVE- ASSISTED HYDRODISTILLATION SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTIOKSIDAN(2016-05-10) Rismansyah; Yuharmen; Teruna, Hilwan YudaMicrowave-assisted hydrodistillation was developed based on Clevenger-hydrodistillation technique which used microwave as a source of energy in its refining process of essential oil. The purpose of this research was to compare these two distillation methods for isolating the oil from the leaves of Ocimum tenuiflorum L. The results showed that microwave method gave better results compare to those of Clevenger in terms of duration of process as well as product. Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method took shorter time, 1.5 hours, whereas Clevenger-hydrodistillation took much longer, 6 hours. The essential oil composition was determined by GC-MS. The main compound of essential oil of Ocimum tenuiflorum L leaves was eugenol, 25.71% and 41.75% with Clevenger-hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation techniques respectively. Antimicrobial test against Escherichia coli showed that essential oil of Clevenger-hydrodistillation was more active than those of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Antioxidant activity using DPPH assay of the essential oil of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation was more active, with IC50 39.52 than those of Clevenger-hydrodistillation, with IC50 51.06 . Therefore, the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation method was considered to be environmentally friendly technology.Item SINTESIS 3-(4-BROMOFENIL)-1-(NAFTALEN-1-IL)PROP-2-EN-1-ON DARI 1-ASETILNAFTALEN DENGAN 4-BROMOBENZALDEHID(2014-03-27) Sari, R. I. P; Yuharmen; JasrilChalcone of 3-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-1-naphthalen-1-yl-propenone was synthesized by the stirring method in Claisen-Schmidt Condensation with NaOH asthecatalyst.The structure of the compound was confirmed by 1H-NMR,13 C-NMR, IR, MS, and UV spectroscopy method. The compound produced was in 81.9% yields. Data characterization showed that the compound obtained was the target ted compoud