Browsing by Author "Taer, Erman"
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Item ANALISA KINERJA PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF PADA SUMUR BOR DAN SUMUR GALIAN DI KOTA DUMAI(2016-02-01) Amelia, Elsa; Taer, Erman; SugiantoManufacturing and testing of magnetic carbon of rubber wood sawdust mixture and for heavy metal absorption of iron in water samples Drilling, Well Water Excavation in Dumai, has been investigated the magnetic carbon begins with a pre-carbonization process at a temperature of 280oC in a vacuum. Milling and sieving process to obtain the carbon particle size is less than 38 μm, the increment in the surface area of the carbon is done by using a chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH), the activator weight ratio of KOH and carbon powder was 4: 1. The carbon is then neutralized by using distilled water and a solution of chloride acide (HCl) repeated until the pH of the washing water became neutral. Furthermore,the activated carbon powder mixed uses powder with a ratio of 5: 4. Mixture is done by using a mortar and proceeded with the process ball milling for 2 hours. Finally, a mixture of carbon powder and is carbonized at 850 °C at N2 gas and then followed by washing and drying to produce a magnetic carbon . The testing of Fe ion absorption from water sample, Water Well Drilling Excavation and filtered in Dumai is done every 2 hours. The results at atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that the increment of absorption after 2 hours has water absorption percentage of 97.94% Drilling, Well Water Excavation amounted of 83.58 % Minerals and Water Drilling filtered by 56.18% with the use of magnetic . Testing X-ray diffraction showed peaks Fe 2θ = 36o angle and Scanning Electron Microscopy shows the particle size is similar to irregular shapes and whitish. Dispersive energy X-rays have shown the presence of Fe in the magnetic carbon absorbent material of rubber wood sawdust.Item ANALISA SERAPAN LOGAM BERAT Fe PADA KARBON AKTIF YANG DICAMPURKAN DENGAN NANO Fe3O4 DAN POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE (PVDF)(2016-02-04) Saputri, Novrenca Anggun; Taer, Erman; Surbakti, AntoniusThe study on heavy metal absorption of active carbon added by Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and Fe3O4 has been performed. The active carbon was applied in order to absorp heavy metal of Fe. The mixture of Fe3O4 and carbon powder provision started from the process of pre-carbonization at a temperature of 280oC in a vacuum. The process of ball milling and seaving resulted small carbon particles of 38 μm in diameter. The increase in surface area of the carbon has been achieved by chemical activation using the KOH activator with weight ratio of KOH and carbon powder of 4:1. The carbon powder that had been activated was then mixed to at ratio of 5:3. The mixing process was done by using a mortar and continued to ball miling process for 2 hours. The sample was carbonized at temperature of 850oC in N2 gas and then proceed to washing and drying proceses in order to produce uniform mixture of Fe3O4 and carbon powder. After that, the PVDF 5% was added to the sample. Absorption testing of heavy metal of Fe in Siak river water samples was performed by immersing it to the sample in 2 hours. Atomic absorption spectroscopy test results revealed that absorption percentage respectively of 34.71% without Fe3O4, 41.65% of the sample and 94.51% of the sample with PVDF. Characterization of x-ray diffraction showed the peak of Fe at 2θ = 44.55o of the carbon powder and 2θ = 44.76o of the sample with PVDF. Scanning electron microscopy with 150X magnification showed particle size with its length of 22.5 μm with by 30.14 μm of the carbon powder and a length of 51.1 μm with by 58.6 μm of the sample with PVDF . The figure of 1000X showed a whitish powder due to metal Fe that spreaded evenly on the surface of the samples. Energy diversive x-ray proved the present of metal Fe in carbon absorbent material with percentage of 0.24% of the carbon powder and 60.78% of the sample with PVDItem Analisa Siklis Voltametri Superkapasitor Menggunakan Elektroda Karbon Aktif Dari Kayu Karet Berdasarkan Variasi Aktivator Koh(2015-12-28) Taer, Erman; Zulkifli; Sugianto; Syech, Riad; Taslim, RTelah berhasil dianalisa elektroda karbon superkapasitor dari kayu karet menggunakan metode siklis voltametri. Pembuatan sampel tahap awal melalui proses pemotongan, pengeringan, karbonisasi dan pemolesan membentuk pelet. Variasi aktivator KOH dan HNO3 digunakan untuk meningkatkan luas permukaan elektroda. Variasi KOH yang digunakan adalah 1 M, 3 M, 5 M sedangkan larutan HNO3 yang digunakan adalah sebesar 25%. Metode pengukuran siklik voltametri dilakukan menggunakan alat Solatron 1280 dengan jendela potensial dari 0 sd 1 Volt pada variasi laju imbasan 1 mV/s, 5 mVs, 10 mV/s, 30 mV/s, 50 mV/s dan 100 mV/s. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan nilai kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi terjadi pada laju imbasan 1 mV/s untuk semua variasi KOH. Nilai kapasitansi spesifik tertinggi pada laju imbasan 1 mV/s pada variasi KOH 1 M, 3 M, 5 M adalah sebesar 16,36 F/gram, 68,27 F/gram dan 63,24 F/gram. Pengujian tambahan juga dilakukan menggunakan alat difraksi sinar-X dan mikrosop pemindai elektronItem ANALISIS PERBEDAAN BAHAN AKTIVATOR DALAM PEMBUATAN ELEKTRODA SUPERKAPASITOR DARI ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA(2016-05-19) Susanti, Febri; Taer, Erman; SugiantoSupercapacitor electrodes from coconut shell have been produced using the experimental method with variation activating agent of: (A) ZnCl2, (B) KOH, (C) carbon ZnCl2 + KOH (s) and (D) carbon KOH + ZnCl2 (s). Surface area of carbon coconut shell was tested using a N2 gas absorption desorption method for all samples A, B, C and D 4.964 m2/g, 7.958 m2/g, 2.746 m2/g and 11.103 m2/g respectively. Specific capacitance was determined using the Cyclic Voltametry (CV) method for each samples and obtained the value of specific capacitance and yielded 7.32 F/g, 0.2117 F/g, 7.52 F/g and 0.314 F/g. Micrograph SEM data showed that the carbon of electrode produced has an irregular shape of particles. These results proved that the multi step chemical activation could increas the surface area and the specific capacitance of electrode carbon from coconut shell.Item ANALISIS POTENSI LIMBAH DAUN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens Jack) SEBAGAI SUMBER KARBON BERPORI UNTUK MATERIAL ELEKTRODA PADA PIRANTI SUPERKAPASITOR(Elfitra, 2023-07) Rusdi, Halhimni; Taer, ErmanSungkai leaves are known to contain natural compounds, and can also be used as a basis for making porous activated carbon sources for electrode materials in supercapacitors. This study aims to determine the effect of physical activation on the physical and electrochemical properties of supercapacitors. The porous carbon framework was obtained from Sungkai leaf biomass by optimizing the chemical activation reagent (ZnCl2). Sungkai leaves are biomass for supercapacitor cell electrode applications through the pre-carbonization stage at 100°C, 150°C, 200°C, 250°C for 30 minutes each. The next process is chemical activation using ZnCl2 activator with a concentration of 0.5M, then the carbonization process uses N2 gas at 600°C and physical activation uses CO2 gas with a temperature variation of 850°C. The physics-activated Sungkai leaf carbon electrode at 850°C had a mass shrinkage percentage from 0.632 to 0.234 g, a diameter shrinkage from 1.97 to 1.42 cm, a thickness shrinkage from 0.23 to 0.18 cm, and a density decrease from 0.882 to 0.658 g/cm3 with a shrinkage percentage of 25.39%.Item Binderless Composite Electrode Monolith from Carbon Nanotube and Biomass Carbon Activated by H2SO4 and CO2 Gas for Supercapacitor(2015-09-07) Deraman, Mohamad; Ishak; Farma, Rakhmawati; Awitdrus; Taer, Erman; Talib; Omar, RamliBinderless composite electrodes in the monolithic form prepared from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and self‐adhesive carbon grains (SACG) from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunch were studied as an electrode in a supercapacitor. The green monoliths (GMs) were prepared from three different types of precursors, SACG, SACG treated with 0.4 Molar H2SO4 and mixture of SACG and 5% CNTs (by weight) treated with 0.4 Molar H2SO4, respectively. These GMs were carbonized at 600 °C in N2 gas environment and activated by CO2 gas at 800 °C for 1 hour to produce activated carbon monoliths (ACMs). The properties of the ACMs (density, porosity, microstructure, structure and electrical conductivity) were found affected by CNTs addition and acid treatment. The acid treatment did not improve the electrochemical behavior of the ACMs used as electrodes (specific capacitance, specific energy and specific power of the supercapacitor) in the supercapacitor cells but CNTs addition improves the equivalent series resistance of the cell.Item Binderless Composite Electrode Monolith from Carbon Nanotube and Biomass Carbon Activated by KOH and CO2 Gas for Supercapacitor(2015-09-07) Farma, Rakhmawati; Deraman, Mohamad; Omar, Ramli; Awitdrus; Ishak; Taer, Erman; TalibThis paper presents a method to improve the performance of supercapacitors fabricated using binderless composite electrode monolith (BCMs) from self‐adhesive carbon grains (SACG) of fibers from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The BCMs were prepared from green monoliths (GMs) contain SACG, SACG treated with KOH (5 % by weight) and SACG mixed with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (5% by weight) and KOH (5 % by weight), respectively. These GMs were carbonized at 800 °C under N2 environment and activated by CO2 gas at 800 °C for 1 hour. It was found that addition of KOH and CNTs produced BCMs with higher specific capacitance and smaller internal resistance, respectively. It was also found that supercapacitor cells using these BCMs as electrodes exhibited a better specific energy and specific power. The physical properties of BCMs (density, electrical conductivity, porosity, interlayer spacing, crystallite dimension and microstructure) were affected by the addition of KOH and CNTs.Item COMPOSITE ELECTRODES OF ACTIVATED CARBON DERIVED FROM CASSAVA PEEL AND CARBON NANOTUBES FOR SUPERCAPACITOR APPLICATIONS(2014-07-01) Taer, Erman; Iwantono; Taslim, R; Subagio, A; Yulita, M; Salomo; Deraman, MIn this paper, composite electrode was prepared from a mixture of activated carbon derived from the pre-carbonization of cassava peel (CP) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The activated carbon was produced by pyrolysis process with ZnCl2 as activation agent. The result of N2 adsorption-desorption analysis indicated that the BET surface area of the activated carbon was 1336 m2 g-1. Difference percentage of CNT of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% and 5% of PVDF binder were added into CP based activated carbon to fabricate the composite electrodes. The morphology and structure of the prepared composite electrodes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The SEM observation revealed the CNT was distributed in homogeny between the carbon particles and XRD result shown the amorphous structure. The supercapacitor cells were fabricated by using composite materials as electrodes, 316L stainless steel as current collector and 1 M acid sulfuric as an electrolyte. Electrochemical characterization was performed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method using a solatron 1286 instrumentation. The addition of CNT has been improved the resistance and capacitive properties of supercapacitor cell.Item EFEK PENAMBAHAN CARBON NANOTUBE (CNT) TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS PELET KARBON(2013-03-05) Fitri, Diah Angraina; Iwantono; Taer, ErmanCarbon pellets have been successfully synthesize from rubber wood sawdest (RWSD) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The results showed after the CNT added, there are increases in density (23,6 %), electrical conductivity (33,36 %) and quality of surface morphology of the sample. The SEM image of the sample showed that the CNT was distributed uniformly on the carbon pellets surface and filled in their poresItem Efek Penumbuhan Paltinum Nano Partikel Terhadap Sifat Listrik Pelet Karbon(2013-02-27) Taer, ErmanElektroda karbon banyak digunakan pada devai superkapasitor, baterai dan hibri superkapasitor. Pemilihan bahan karbon sebagai elektroda pad kapasitor berdasarkan perpaduan sifat kimia dan fisika, seperti konduktifitas yang tingg, nilai surface area yang tinggi (1200mg) tahan terhadap karat, stabil terhadap temperature, ukuran pori yang dapat dikontrol, biaya produksi yang relative murah.Item EFEK VARIASI KALIUM HIDROKSIDA PADA PENGAKTIFAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA TERHADAP KELEMBABAN(2016-01-30) Oktaviani, Tutik; Taer, Erman; Farma, RakhmawatiThe Carbon active made from piece coconut shell has been identified by using the chemical activation. This study aims to determine the value of the concentration of Potassium Hydroxide 1M, 2M, and 3M by activating coconut shell charcoal powder as humidity control. The Coconut shell Carbon is from the area Payakumbuh (Sumatera Barat) obtained from the local markets. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) concentration used was 1, 2 and 3 M as chemical activation solution to activate the Carbon functional groups. The methods are Scanning Electron Microscope, Dispersive X-ray and X-ray Diffraction to investigate the morphology of the structure, content and degree of crystalline elements. For 2 hours, is found that the value of humidity is 84%, 81%, and 84%, in the range of 0-60 minutes, concentration 1 M, 2 M, and 3 M KOH respectively. It showed that there is feedback interaction with humidity value of 85%, 84% and 83%.Item EFEK VARIASI RASIO MASSA KOH TERHADAP DENSITAS DAN KAPASITANSI SPESIFIK SUPERKAPASITOR BERBASIS KARBON AKTIF SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU KARET(2016-05-23) Paiszal, Muhammad; Taer, Erman; ZulkarnainSupercapacitor electrode material of Rubber Wood Saw Dust (RWSD) was fabricated by using an experimental method with variation RWSD and KOH mass ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7. The RWSD was carbonized using N2 gas at a temperature of 600 °C for ± 8 hours to produce pellets with high carbon content. Carbon activation process was done by a combination of physical and chemical activation. Physical activation using CO2 gas was performed at temperature of 900 °C for 2 hours while the chemical activation was low temperature of 80 °C for 2 hours in a solution of KOH. Results of density measurements indicated that the value of the carbon electrode density increased with increasing mass of KOH. The measurement of specific capacitance showed that the specific capacitance of the electrode increased with increasing mass ratio of KOH and reached the higest value at the mass ratio of 1:5, this is due to the activation of KOH caused the particle size become smaller and porous, The best sampel in fil reserch was 1:5 sampel being pesifik capacitance an high of 72,82 F/gItem EFEK VARIASI RASIO MASSA ZnCl2 TERHADAP DENSITAS DAN KAPASITANSI SPESIFIK SUPERKAPASITOR BERBASIS KARBON AKTIF DARI SERBUK GERGAJI KAYU KARET(2016-05-19) Mukhlis; Taer, Erman; ZulkarnainThe effects of variation ZnCl2 mass ratio to the density and specific capacitance of supercapacitor based activated carbon from Rubber Wood Saw Dust (RWSD) using physical and chemical activations has been studied. Physical activation was done by using CO2 gas at a temperature of 900 °C for 2 hours. Chemical activation using an activator substance of ZnCl2 solution way carried out. Mass ratio of carbon and ZnCl2 was 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 and 1:7 namely M1, M2, M3 and M4. The pre-carbonization of carbon RWSD ion carried out for 2 hours at a temperature of 250 °C, the sample was then ball milled for 20 hours, sieved with a grain size of 100 μm and then was activated by chemical activation. Results show that the density measurement electrode density values in M2, M3, and M4 increased by increasing the ratio of ZnCl2 solution, while the M1 is larger than M2 caused when carbonization is not perfect so that oxygen is not wasted bonded to the carbon causes an increase in the mass and density of the electrode. Specific capacitance values was calculated using cyclic voltammetry experiencing overload and the resulted the value of specific capacitance on high an 53.58 Fg-1 (M1), 65.69 Fg-1 (M2), 60.02 Fg-1 (M3), and 55.08 Fg-1 (M4).Item Effect of carbonization temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of supercapacitor electrode from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches(2015-09-07) Ishak; Deraman, Mohamad; Talib; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Awitdrus; Farma, Rakhmawati; Taer, Erman; Omar, Ramli; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana MohdSelf-adhesive carbon grains (SACG) was prepared from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches. The SACG green monoliths were carbonized in N2 environment at 400, 500, 600 and 700°C to produce carbon monoliths labeled as CM1, CM2, CM3 and CM4 respectively. The CMs were activated in CO2 surrounding at 800°C for 1 hour to produce activated carbon monolith electrodes (ACM1, ACM2, ACM3 and ACM4). The physical properties of the CMs and ACMs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm techniques. ACMs were used as electrode to fabricate symmetry supercapacitor cells and the cells’ performances were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) standard techniques. In this paper we report the physical and electrochemical properties of the ACM electrodes by analyzing the influence of the carbonization temperature on these propertiesItem Effect of electrolyte concentration on performance of supercapacitor carbon electrode from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches(2015-09-07) Farma, Rakhmawati; Deraman, Mohamad; Talib; Awitdrus; Omar, Ramli; Ishak; Taer, Erman; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana MohdFibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches were used to produce self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG). The SACG green monoliths were carbonized in N2 environment at 800°C to produce carbon monoliths (CM) and the CM was CO2 activated at 800°C for 4 hour to produce activated carbon monolith electrodes (ACM). The physical properties of the CMs and ACMs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. ACMs were used as electrode to fabricate symmetry supercapacitor cells and the cells which used H2SO4 electrolyte at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 M were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge standard techniques. In this paper we report the physical properties of the ACM electrodes and the effect of electrolyte concentration on the electrochemical properties the ACM electrodesItem Effects of Activation Time on the Performance of Supercapacitor Binderless Activated Carbon Electrodes Derived from Fibers of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches(2015-09-07) Ishak; Deraman, Mohamad; Dollah, Besek Nurdiana Mohd; Othman; Omar, Ramli; Basri, Nur Hamizah; Nor, Najah Syahirah Mohd; Taer, Erman; Awitdrus; Farma, Rakhmawati; AzizGreen monoliths (GMs) with different composition, labelled as GM1, GM2 and GM3, were prepared from self-adhesive carbon grains (SACG) produced from fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunches, SACG treated with 0.4 M H2SO4 and mixtures of SACG and carbon nanotubes (5 wt.%) treated with 0.4 M H2SO4, respectively. Each GMs was carbonized and then activated with holding time of 1 h and 2 h, respectively, to produce their respective activated carbon monoliths (ACMs). These ACMs were used as electrodes to fabricate supercapacitor cells using H2SO4 electrolytes, Teflon separator and stainless steel 316L current collector. The porosity of the ACMs, examined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm method were found affected after prolonging the activation time. From the electrochemical characterization of the ACMs electrodes using galvanic charge-discharge methods, it was found that supercapacitor cells fabricated using the ACMs produced by longer activation time (2 h) showed better performance, which had higher specific capacitance (113 F/g), specific power (159 W/kg) and specific energy (3.35 W h/kg), compared to the cells using ACMs produced by shorter activation time (1 h).Item EGGS SHELL MEMBRANE AS NATURAL SEPARATOR FOR SUPERCAPACITOR APPLICATIONS(2014-07-02) Taer, Erman; Sugianto; Iwantono; Dahlan, D; Deraman, MVarious eggs shell membranes (ESMs) have been used as a separator for supercapacitor application. The separator was prepared from different membranes such as chicken eggs shell membrane (CESM), duck eggs shell membrane (DESM) and goose eggs shell membrane (GESM). The ESMs were tested as a separator in a two-electrode system, the sandwich-type supercapacitor cell consists of two activated carbon monoliths as electrodes, two stainless steel as current collectors and 1 M H2SO4 solution as an electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the ESMs was characterized by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, a cyclic voltammetry and a galvanostatic charge-discharge. The results of this study exhibit all of the ESMs as a good candidate for supercapacitor separator. However, the CESM was shown excellence electrochemical properties, such as low resistance, high energy density and power density. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph and X-ray diffraction analysis were also proved that the ESMs are a promising low-cost separator for supercapacitor applicationItem Electrical Conductivity Of Carbon Pellets Prepared From Mixtures Of Pyropolymers From Oil Palm Bunches and Petroleum Green Coke(2015-09-07) Deraman, Mohamad; Awitdrus; Talib; Omar, Ramli; Jumali; Ishak; Saad; Taer, Erman; Saman; Farma, Rakhmawati; Yunusreen pellets (GPs), prepared at different compression pressures (cs = 6, 7.5 and 12 metric tonne) from mixtures containing self‐adhesive carbon grains (sacg) from the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and different percentages (pr = 0 to 90%) of a non self‐adhesive powder of petroleum green coke (ppgc), were carbonized (800° C) and activated with CO2 to produce carbon pellets (CPs). The measured electrical conductivity (σ) of the CP for all cs showed a curve having a minimum value at pr around 50%, indicating that the conducting phase displays a nonlinear σ‐ pr relationship. A significant increase in the σ due to CO2 activation was observed. For a sufficienctly high cs, an existence of a pr range in which the σ varies linearly with the density was also observed. These results provide some new information for modifying the electrical conductivity of carbon derived from the sacg from EFB or other types of biomass.Item Fabrikasi Superkapasitor Dengan Sifat-Sifat Kapasitif Tinggi Melalui Peningkatan Antarmuka Piranti Menggunakan Nanopartikel Logam(2015-07-04) Iwantono; AH Umar, Akrajas; Taer, ErmanDalam penelitian tahun pertama ini, telah berhasil dilakukan penumbuhan dan karakterisasi nanopartikel logam (Platinum, Palladium dan Emas) di atas permukaan pengumpul arus stainless steel 316L. Nanopartikel metal ini berfungsi sebagai antar muka (interface) antara pengumpul arus dan electrode sel superkapasitor. Untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum, penumbuhan nanopartikel metal tersebut dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jenis dan jumlah surfaktan, konsentrasi ascorbic acid, CTAB, larutan penumbuhan, waktu penumbuhan dan metode penumbuhan. Karakterisasi nanopartikel metal ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SEM, EDAX dan XRD. Dari hasil riset dan kajian yang telah dilakukan, maka diperoleh kondisi penumbuhan nanopartikel metal dengan karakteristiknya adalah sebagai berikut ini. Nanopartikel platinum dengan kondisi penumbuhan optimum (metode multisteps growth, konsentrasi ascorbic acid 0,2 M; konsentrasi larutan penumbuh (K2PtCl4) 1 mL dan waktu penumbuhan berulang 5 jam + 5 jam) memiliki karaktertistik sebagai berikut: bentuk partikelnya bulat (spherical), densitas tinggi, tumbuh merata di atas permukaan stainless steel dan uniform, dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata adalah 24,6 - 26,8 nm). Sedangkan nanopartikel palladium optimum yang tumbuh pada stainless steel current collector diperoleh dengan kondisi penumbuhan sebagai berikut: penumbuhan didahului proses mediasi /pembenihan (seed-mediated process), konsentrasi ascorbic acid 0,3M; konsentrasi CTAB 0,1 mL; waktu penumbuhan selama 5 jam. Hasil nanopartikel palladium yang tumbuh di atas current collector stainless steel adalah: nanopartikel tumbuh cukup merata di permukaan stainless steel, berbentuk bulat (spherical), densitas tinggi, uniform dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata antara 16,7 - 24,6 nmItem Fabrikasi Superkapasitor dengan Sifat-sifat Kapasitif Tinggi Melalui Peningkatan Antarmuka Piranti Menggunakan Nanopartikel Logam(2012-10-24) Iwantono; Umar, Akrajas Ali; Taer, ErmanDalam penelitian tahun pertama ini, telah berhasil dilakukan penumbuhan dan karakterisasi nanopartikel logam (Platinum, Palladium dan Emas) di atas permukaan pengumpul arus stainless steel 316L. Nanopartikel metal ini berfungsi sebagai antar muka (interface) antara pengumpul arus dan electrode sel superkapasitor. Untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum, penumbuhan nanopartikel metal tersebut dilakukan dengan memvariasikan jenis dan jumlah surfaktan, konsentrasi ascorbic acid, CTAB, larutan penumbuhan, waktu penumbuhan dan metode penumbuhan. Karakterisasi nanopartikel metal ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode SEM, EDAX dan XRD. Dari hasil riset dan kajian yang telah dilakukan, maka diperoleh kondisi penumbuhan nanopartikel metal dengan karakteristiknya adalah sebagai berikut ini. Nanopartikel platinum dengan kondisi penumbuhan optimum (metode multisteps growth, konsentrasi ascorbic acid 0,2 M; konsentrasi larutan penumbuh (K2PtCl4) 1 mL dan waktu penumbuhan berulang 5 jam + 5 jam) memiliki karaktertistik sebagai berikut: bentuk partikelnya bulat (spherical), densitas tinggi, tumbuh merata di atas permukaan stainless steel dan uniform, dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata adalah 24,6 – 26,8 nm). Sedangkan nanopartikel palladium optimum yang tumbuh pada stainless steel current collector diperoleh dengan kondisi penumbuhan sebagai berikut: penumbuhan didahului proses mediasi /pembenihan (seed-mediated process), konsentrasi ascorbic acid 0,3M; konsentrasi CTAB 0,1 mL; waktu penumbuhan selama 5 jam. Hasil nanopartikel palladium yang tumbuh di atas current collector stainless steel adalah: nanopartikel tumbuh cukup merata di permukaan stainless steel, berbentuk bulat (spherical), densitas tinggi, uniform dengan ukuran partikel rata-rata antara 16,7 – 24,6 nm. Kehadiran/tumbuhnya nanopartikel platinum dan palladium dibuktikan dengan hasil karakterisasi XRD dan EDAX. Unsur platinum yang muncul pada sampel cukup dominan, dengan prosentase lebih dari 80% berat keseluruhan unsur pada sampel. Penumbuhan nanopartikel emas dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode seed-mediated growth (mediasi pembenihan), dengan memberi perlakuan variasi konsentrasi HCl, CTAB, ascorbic acid, AgNO3 dan variasi waktu penumbuhan. Kondisi optimum penumbuhan nanopartikel emas adalah konsentrasi larutan 0,5 ml HAuCl4 0,01M; 0,15 ml HCl; 0,3 ml ascorbic acid 0,1M; 20 ml CTAB 0,1M dan 0,1 ml AgNO3 10 μM. Nanopartikel emas yang tumbuh berbentuk nanorods yang memiliki struktur FCC dengan bidang Kristal (111) dan (200) yang terjadi pada sudut 38,185° dan 44,393°. Nilai aspek ratio dari nanorod emas ini adalah 1,7 – 14,3. Namun demikian, nanrods emas yang tumbuh memiliki densitas yang belum optimal tapi ketika waktu penumbuhan lebih dari 2 jam, densitas nya meningkat. Untuk meningkatkan densitas nanopartikel emas, maka penumbuhan melibatkan 2 macam surfaktan, yaitu CTAB dan HMT. Nanopartikel emas yang terbentuk berbentuk rice-shape (bentuk biji beras) dengan struktur FCC dengan densitas yang jauh lebih besar dan seragam. Sifat-sifat kapasitif piranti (energy dan daya) superkapasitor yang dihasilkan setelah penambahan antarmuka nanopartilek logam antara pengumpul arus dan elektroda karbon akan ditinjau secara mendalam pada penelitian tahun kedua. Pengujian sifat kapasitif superkapasitor dilakukan dengan teknik, impedant spektroskopi, cas-discas pada arus konstan dan cyclic voltametri.