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Browsing by Author "Nurhayati, Nurhayati"

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APLIKASI ARANG AKTIF TONGKOL JAGUNG TERAKTIVASI CaCl2 DAN KALSINASI 500°C SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR GAMBUT
(Elfitra, 2023-01) Zakaria, Christian; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
This research aims to convert corncorb into charcoal through a carbonization process and activated with CaCl2, then applied to improve the quality of peat water. Carbonization was carried out with klin drum method and activated with CaCl2 1%. Then, calcined at 500°C for 40 minutes. Corn corbs activated charcoal (AATJ) was characterized by the moisture content, ash content, iodine adsorption capacity, methylene blue adsorption capacity, functional groups with FTIR and surface morphology with SEM. Based on the results, AATJ has characteristics the moisture content 1,19 %; ash content 3,03 %; iodine adsorption capacity 973,02 mg g-1, and methylene blue adsorption capacity 8,45 mg g-1. Corn corbs activated charcoal applied for peat water treatment with various dose (0,5; 1; 1,5; 2) g and various contact time (15, 30, 60, 120) minutes. The best condition of peat water adsorption was obtained at dose of 1,5 g and contact time at 60 minutes with a percentage of reduce turbidity 59,24%, Fe metal content 29,67%, TDS 71%, increased pH from 4.2 to 6.9 and has been able to remove odors on peat water.
EFEKTIVITAS ADSORBEN ABU LAYANG SISA PEMBAKARAN BATUBARA PADA PLTU PT. BEST UNTUK MENJERAP ION LOGAM Fe
(2021-01) Anggraeni, Velia Septi; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Jauhari, Helmi
Fly ash is the result of burning coal in steam generator furnace which is fine and pozolanic and fly ash is produced in high volume every year. The main components of coal fly ash are silicate (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3). In this study, fly ash was used as an adsorbent which was activated by chemical activation methods using NaOH activator with variation of the activator concentration (0, 1, 3 and 5) M and physical (burning at 600 oC). The results of this study indicate that the optimum condition of fly ash activator concentration is in 3 M NaOH activator, obtained a moisture content was 0.35 %, surface area was 46,2791 m2/g and SiO2 content was 60,87 %. Fly ash with the optimum conditions obtained has a maximum adsorption efficiency of Fe 10 ppm solution was 86,43%. The effectiveness of fly ash in absorbing Fe ions at various adsorbate concentrations, it was found that the higher adsorbate concentration would get the greater absorption efficiency by the adsorbent. The adsorption mechanism of Fe ion in this study follows the Freundlih adsorption isotherm model.
The Effect of Reaction Temperature and Reaction Time on the Transesterification of Palm Olein using NaOH/ ZnO Heterogeneous Catalyst
(wahyu sari yeni, 2018-10-22) Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Akbar, Emil
The transesterification of palm olein to fatty acid methyl esters was studied using NaOH/ZnO catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by impregnation with the loading of NaOH 25% w/w NaOH on ZnO calcined at 600 •c for 6 hours. Biodiesel samples were first analyzed using gas chromatography according to ASTM methods. The influence of reaction temperature and reaction time on transesterification was examined. Optimum reaction condition was achieved at reflux of methanol (65°C K) for about 120 minute. The conversion of vegetable oil was found to be 99.7%. A reducible catalyst was also studied. The catalyst showed high activity, with oil conversion being obtained under mild conditions (reflux temperature of methanol).
Karakter Dan Potensi Adsorpsi Lempung Cengar Terpilar Terhadap Ka Tion Cu(II) Dalam Media Air
(wahyu sari yeni, 2018-10-22) Muhdarina, Muhdarina; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Bahri, Saiful
Lempung Cengar terpilar telah disintesis dengan mencampur secara langsung suspensi lempung ke dalam larutan pemilar Keggin-Alumina (WK) dan mencampur suspensi lempung secara bertahap ke dalam larutan sodium asetat dan larutan pemilar Keggin-Alumina (SAK), kemudian keduanya dikalsinasi di dalam atmosferis udara. Perubahan pola difraksi dan vibrasi lempung Cengar dikarakterisasi menggunakan metoda XRD dan FTIR. Pilarisasi menunjukkan kenaikan jarak kisi mineral dari 3.57 A menjadi 4.55 A de􅑸an mineral baru bentonit, vibrasi ulur Keggin-OH dan vibrasi ulur Al tetrahedral Keggin-Al' OOH. Kapasitas adsorpsi kation Cu(II) pada WK lebih rendah dari pada SAK dan keduanya mengikuti model isotenna Freundlich. Secara tennodinamika, WK mengalami proses eksotennis dengan penurunan entropi dan tidak spontan, tetapi SAK adalah endotermis dengan entropi positif clan -pontan.
Pemanfaatan Kaolinit Alam Desa Sukamaju Kabupaten Kuansing Sebagai Bahan Membran Hibrid Nilon 6,6-Kaolinit: Pengaruh komposisi kaolinit pada karakter membran hibrid nilon 6,6
(wahyu sari yeni, 2018-10-22) Linggawati, Amilia; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Novita, Rindy Lokasari
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mernanfaatkan kaolinit alam desa Suka Maju Kabupaten Kuansing sebagai bahan rnernbran hibrid nilon 6,6. Fokus kajian adalah mempelajari pengaruh komposisi kaolinit pada karakter membran hibrid yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan larutan tuang nilon 6,6-kaolinit dengan rasio komposisi nilon 6, 6-kaolinit 97,5/2,5; 95/5; 90/10; 80/20. Membran yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi untuk mengetahui unsur kirnia, morfologi, sifat terma, detjat kekristalan dan permeabilitas. Karakterisasi, morfologi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), analisis unsur dengan EDX, selektivitas dengan penentuan rejeksi dekstran dan permeabilitas melalui fluks air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi komposisi kaolinit semakin kecil ukuran pori. Peningkatan komposisi kaolinit meningkatkan derajat kekristalan dan memperkecil ukuran pori membran. Peningkatan komposisi kaolinit membran hibrid meningkatkan permeabilitas dari 1,5 x 1(}3 m/ s hingga 0,18 x 10-1 m/s dan selektivitas meningkat dari 42% hingga 71,8%. Berdasarkan nilai fluks, dan ukuran pori membran hibrid yang dihasilkan adalah tipe mikrofiltrasi.
PENGARUH BERAT KATALIS, WAKTU DAN SUHU REAKSI PADA PRODUKSI BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO-SiO2 3% DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KERANG DARAH DAN SABUT KELAPA
(Elfitra, 2023-11) Risma, Yesika Ayu; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
This research aims to synthesize biodiesel using a CaO catalyst from blood cockle shells impregnated with SiO2 from coconut fiber at a concentration of 3% w/w. The resulting catalyst was characterized using the Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) method showing that the surface area of the 3% CaO-SiO2 catalyst had a higher area compared to CaO without modification. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDX) had a rough surface morphology. and agglomerate and the main elemental composition of the 3% CaO-SiO2 catalyst is Ca, Si and O, and the basicity test of the 3% CaO-SiO2 catalyst has lower basicity compared to CaO. Biodiesel production is carried out by varying catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time with optimization using the Response Surace Methodology (RSM) design. Characterization of biodiesel produced from a 3% CaO-SiO2 catalyst has water content, specific gravity, viscosity and carbon residue which generally meets the quality requirements of SNI 7182-2015, except for the acid number.
SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO) MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS MODIFIKASI CaO-SiO2 3% DARI CANGKANG KERANG DARAH DAN SABUT KELAPA DENGAN VARIASI BERAT KATALIS, KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN DAN RASIO MOL MINYAK : METANOL
(Elfitra, 2023-11) Anggraini, Rika Yocherli; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
CaO catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst used in biodiesel synthesis. Modification of the CaO catalyst with porous materials such as silica (SiO2) was carried out to increase its catalytic activity. The aim of this research is to synthesize a CaO-SiO2 catalyst using the wet impregnation method with a weight of silica for CaO, namely 3% (w/w). The CaO-SiO2 catalyst was obtained from blood cockle shells and coconut fiber which were calcined at 700oC for 3 hours. The CaO catalyst before and after modification was characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to analyze chemical composition catalyst. The resulting catalyst was applied to the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production from Crude Palm Oil (CPO), which was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the independent variables catalyst weight, stirring speed and oil:methanol mole ratio. Based on the research results, the optimum biodiesel yield was obtained using a 3% CaO-SiO2 catalyst at reaction conditions of 60oC, reaction time of 90 minutes, catalyst weight of 3 g, stirring speed of 600 rpm, and oil:methanol mole ratio of 1:9 with a biodiesel yield of 94.39%.
SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK GORENG BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS CaO DARI CANGKANG SIPUT GONGGONG (Strombus canarium) DIIMPREGNASI KOH VARIASI: RASIO MOL MINYAK-METANOL DAN BERAT KATALIS
(2020-11) Putri, Yolanda Dwi; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
The gonggong snail are widely consumed as a part of culinary tour that is in demanded by tourists. As a result, the waste of gonggong snail shells increases. Therefore, to reduce its waste, the gonggong snails are used as a heterogeneous catalyst in making biodiesel using used cooking oil as raw material. The shells of calcined gonggong snails are calcined at a temperature of 900 °C, then impregnated with KOH, and then the catalyst was calcined once again at 600 °C for 5 hours. The catalyst activity was tested studied through a transesterification reaction with a oil:methanol mole ratio of 1:15 and 3% w/w catalyst weight, at temperature of 60 °C, and stirring speed of 500 rpm for 3 hours. The yield of CaO catalyst biodiesel from gonggong snail shells was 91,1801%. The characterization of biodiesel produced in this study were water content of 0,018%, specific gravity of 888 kg/m3, viscosity of 3,29 mm2/s, acid number 0,52 mh KOH/g, number of lathering 388,05 mh KOH/g, number of iodine 54,71 g Iod/100g according to SNI 7182-2015.
SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS SiO2 DARI SABUT KELAPA VARIASI : BERAT KATALIS
(Elfitra, 2023-07) Mailani, Putri Julpa; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Sofyan, M.Ihsan
Coconut husk (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most abundant parts obtained from coconut trees and is an underutilized waste material. Coconut husk ash contains silica, which has the potential to act as a heterogeneous acid catalyst. This research aims to synthesize biodiesel using waste cooking oil as the feedstock and employing coconut husk as a catalyst in the synthesis process. The catalyst used is SiO2 impregnated with sulfuric acid. The weight variation of the catalyst used is 5, 7, and 10wt% at a temperature of 60oC with a molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:12. The research results indicate that a maximum yield of 35.5% biodiesel was obtained with a catalyst weight of 10wt%. However, the characteristics of the produced biodiesel do not yet meet the SNI 7182-2015 standards concerning density and viscosity.
SINTESIS BIODIESEL DENGAN VARIASI BERAT KATALIS DAN RASIO MOL MINYAK : METANOL PADA TAHAPAN ESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KARET MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS LEMPUNG DIAKTIVASI H2SO4 (2M)
(Elfitra, 2022-01) Wardika, Fitria; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
Energy reserves derived from oil and natural gas have a limited amount, so alternative renewable energy such as biodiesel is needed. Biodiesel can be derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. Oil from plants is more widely used because it is easier to obtain. Rubber seed is one of the many sources of oil in Riau and has not been widely used. Rubber seeds contain 35-50% oil which has the potential to be used as biodiesel feedstock. Rubber seed oil has a high free fatty acid content, so it is necessary to carry out the esterification stage before proceeding to the transesterification stage. The esterification reaction aims to reduce the free fatty acid content. The esterification step was carried out using a maredan clay catalyst which was activated by 2M sulfuric acid by weight (1%, 2%, 3%), at a temperature of 60°C, 3 hours, and a mole ratio of oil: methanol (1:6, 1:12, 1:18). The results of the esterification were followed by a transesterification step using a blood clam shell catalyst with the reaction conditions: 3% CaO catalyst weight, oil mole ratio: methanol 1:6, reaction temperature 60°C and reaction time of 3 hours. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained was 36.27% on a 3% maredan clay catalyst by weight and an oil:methanol mole ratio of 1:12. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced have a water content of 0.048%, specific gravity 877 kg m-3, viscosity 2.35 mm2 s-1, flash point 184, carbon residue 1.46%, acid number 6.9 mg KOH/g, iodine number 143 .73 g I2/100 g, and a cetane number of 44.22. The results of these characteristics are in accordance with the SNI standard 04-7182-2015 except for acid numbers, carbon residues, iodine numbers and cetane numbers Keywords : esterification, rubber seed oil, transesterification.
SINTESIS BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS CaO-SiO2 1% DARI FLY ASH CANGKANG SAWIT KALSINASI 800°C
(Elfitra, 2023-05) Yohannes, Ernest Evander; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
Biodiesel is an alternative energy that is intended as a fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel is produced through a transesterification reaction in the presence of a catalyst. This research was carried out by synthesizing biodiesel with CaO catalyst from blood clam shells modified with SiO2 from palm shell fly ash through impregnation method. SiO2 1% impregnated with CaO. The surface area of 1% CaO-SiO2 catalyst analyzed by BET test was 7.1298 m2g-1. The functional groups obtained are O-H from Ca(OH)2, stretching vibration asymmetry Si-O-Si and groups Ca-O. The maximum biodiesel yield obtained on a 1% CaO-SiO2 catalyst was 80.77% at a reaction time of 90 minutes, a catalyst weight of 2 g and a mole ratio of oil: methanol 1:9. The characterization of water content, specific gravity and viscosity complies with SNI 04-7182-2015, except for acid number and carbon residue.
SINTESIS BIODIESEL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KOH/CaO DENGAN METODA HIDRASI-DEHIDRASI: VARIASI BERAT KATALIS
(Elfitra, 2023-01) Sundari, Sri; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) is an alternative fuel other than petroleum. Therefore, intensive research is being carried out by researchers around the world to develop a more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly biodiesel production process shells Anadara granosa using KOH impregnated hydrationdehydration method with concentrations of K (1, 3, 5 and 7%). The catalyst was characterized using the Surface Area Analyzer with the BET method to determine the surface area of the catalyst. The surface area of the KOH/CaO catalyst (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7% K) is 1.4291; 2.9617; 4.2854; 1.4125 and 1.6544 m2 g-1. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the amount of catalyst 1, 2, 3 and 4% (w/w) on the yield biodiesel produced. The optimum biodiesel was obtained using KOH/CaO (3% K) catalyst with a catalyst weight of 1% w/w resulting in yield of 82.81%. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced for water content is 0.02% v/v, specific gravity is 862 kgm-3, viscosity is 2.36 mm2s-1, carbon residue is 0.09% w/w, saponification number is 204.80 mg-KOH g-1 and the acid number is 0.44 mg-KOH g-1. In general, the characteristics of biodiesel are in accordance with the requirements of SNI 04-7182-2015.
SINTESIS BIODISEL DARI CPO MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS K-CaO CANGKANG KERANG DARAH MELALUI REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI : VARIASI SUHU REAKSI
(2020-12) Surya, Tri Nanda Muhammad; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
Biodiesel is renewable energy, biodegradable, and environmental friendly for diesel machine. Biodiesel was synthesized from palm oil through transesterification using catalysts K-CaO. The K-CaO catalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method and calcined at 700, 800, and 900 oC for 3 hours. Catalyst characterization using BET to determine the surface. The surface area obtained was 1.679 m2 / g, 0.999 m2 / g and 7.678 m2 / g in K-CaO-700, K-CaO-800 and K-CaO-900 Catalysts. The maximum yield of biodiesel obtained was 88,2189% at the optimum reaction time of 2 hours and a reaction temperature of 60oC (catalyst weight 3%, oil and methanol mole ratio 1:6 and stirring 500 rpm). The maximum yield of biodiesel is characterized based on biodiesel quality standards. water content 0.0181%, specific gravity 880,1 kg / m3, viscosity 5,9756 mm2 / s, carbon residue 0.82%, acid number 0.358 mg KOH / g. In general, the characteristics of biodiesel fill up the quality requirements of SNI 7182-2015.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS CaO-SiO2 DARI FLY ASH CANGKANG SAWIT KALSINASI 700°C UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL
(Elfitra, 2023-01) Afrida, Neli; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
In this study, biodiesel was synthesized using crude palm oil (CPO) with a CaOSiO2 catalyst. CaO from blood clam shells and SiO2 from palm shell fly ash. CaOSiO2 catalyst synthesized using the wet impregnation method with variations of SiO2 to CaO 1%, 3% and 5%. Surface area of CaO-SiO2 1% catalyst is is 9,0078 m2g-1 with pore volume is 0,0268 cc g-1, CaO-SiO2 3% catalyst is 9,2241 m2g-1 with pore volume is 9,2241 m2 g-1 and CaO-SiO25% catalyst is 9,2591m2g-1 with pore volume is 0,0298 cc g-1. The functional group obtained is OH indicating Ca(OH)2, Si-O asymmetric stretching vibration Si-O-Si and Ca-O. Purpose of the study is to find best SiO2 variety. Based on research results, the highest biodiesel yield was obtained using a catalyst CaO 3% SiO2 by weight of catalyst 2 g, Mole ratio of oil : methanol 1:9, reaction time 90 minutes, reaction 60°C stirring speed 500 rpm produce biodiesel yield of 73,75%..
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS CaO-SiO2 PASIR KUARSA UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL
(Elfitra, 2023-01) Ramagani, Asyh Rasidu; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
Calcium Oxide (CaO) is a heterogeneous base catalyst that is often used in the biodiesel production, one of the sources of CaO is blood cockle shells (Anadara granosa). Attempted to modify CaO with SiO2 quartz sand to increase its catalytic activity in the synthesis of biodiesel. This study aims to determine the effect of adding SiO2 to the CaO catalyst on the yield of biodiesel produced. Characterization of the CaO-SiO2 catalyst produced by the BET method showed that the surface area increased with increasing amount of SiO2. Based on the FTIR data, there are OH functional groups showing Ca(OH)2, Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching vibrations and Ca-O groups. The maximum biodiesel yield was obtained on a 5% CaO-SiO2 catalyst, which was 70.76% at the condition of an oil:methanol mole ratio of 1:9 with a reaction time of 90 minutes and a catalyst weight of 2 g.
SINTESIS KATALIS K-CaO UNTUK TRANSESTERIFIKASI CPO MENJADI BIODIESEL VARIASI BERAT KATALIS
(2020-11) Rivaldo, Rivaldo; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
The manufacture of biodiesel is usually used a transesterification reaction using an alkaline catalyst. The alkaline catalyst used in this study was K-CaO catalyst derived from shells of blood clams (Anadara granosa) using the sol-gel method with a ratio between KOH: CKD: Ethylene glycol 0.5: 6: 12 calcined at 700, 800 and 900 oC. The catalyst was characterized using XRD to determine the type of mineral in a material. The types of minerals contained in the catalyst were calcite, portlandite and lime. The catalyst was tested in biodiesel synthesis with variations in the weight of the catalyst (1, 2, 3, and 4 %). The maximum biodiesel yield was 92.48 %, that is, at the maximum condition of K-CaO-700 catalyst with a catalyst weight of 2 %. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced in this study were water content, density, viscosity, carbon residue, acid number, soap number, iodium number and cetane number. The characteristics of biodiesel was selected range of SNI 7182-2015 except for carbon residue and cetane numbers.
SINTESIS KATALIS K2O/CaO YANG DI HIDRASI DAN DEHIDRASI SERTA APLIKASINYA PADA TRANSESTERIFIKASI CPO DENGAN VARIASI SUHU REAKSI
(Elfitra, 2023-01) Febrian, Harnanda; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
CaO catalyst is a heterogeneous base catalyst which has been widely used in biodiesel synthesis. Hydration-dehydration is one of the newest methods in the synthesis of CaO catalysts which is considered quite efficient in increasing biodiesel yield. The purpose of this research is to synthesize K2O/CaO catalyst using KOH-impregnated hydration-dehydration method in biodiesel production and to characterize the catalyst using XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) to determine the type of mineral and crystal size as well as the crystanillity of the catalyst. Transesterification is a reaction between oil and methanol to produce FAME (Fatty Acid Metil Ester). The catalyst was tested in biodiesel synthesis with variations in reaction temperature (50, 55, 60, 65oC). As for the optimum conditions produced, the maximum yield of biodiesel is 83.03% using a catalyst K2O/CaO (3%K) with a purity of 96.95% obtained under the condition of a mole:oil ratio of 1:6, catalyst weight of 3% (w/w), reaction time of 3 hours, stirring speed of 500 rpm, and reaction temperature of 60oC. The characteristics of biodiesel produced in this study are water content of 0,05% (%v/v), specific gravity of 870,9 kg/m3, viscosity of 3,2 mm2/s, carbon residue of 0,28%, acid number of 0,49 mg KOH g-1 and lathering number of 217,398 mg KOH g-1. In general, the characteristics of biodiesel have occupy SNI 04-7182-2015 except carbon residues. Based on the results of the study, it shows that K2O/CaO is a good catalyst used in the transesterification process for biodiesel production.
SINTESIS KATALIS KOH/CaO MENGGUNAKAN METODE SOL-GEL UNTUK TRANSESTERIFIKASI CPO MENJADI BIODIESEL : VARIASI KECEPATAN PENGADUKAN
(Elfitra, 2021-12) Maharani, Utari; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
In this study, biodiesel was synthesized using crude palm oil (CPO) with a KOH/CaO catalyst from blood clam shells that had been calcined at 900 °C for 5 hours. KOH/CaO catalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method by adding KOH and ethylene glycol and it was calcined again at 700 °C for 5 hours. The catalyst analysis used in this study was XRD to determine the type of minerals contained in the catalyst. Based on the XRD analysis of the KOH/CaO catalyst, it showed that there were portlandite and calcite peaks and lime (CaO) peaks were found on the KOH/CaO catalyst of 1 g KOH at 700 °C. The crystal size of the KOH/CaO catalyst added 0.5 ; 1 and 2 g of KOH were 219.9924, respectively; 179.9484 and 195.9774 nm. KOH/CaO catalyst was tested in biodiesel synthesis using various stirring speeds (300, 400, 500, and 600 rpm), at a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction time of 3 hours, a mole ratio of oil: methanol 1:15 and a catalyst weight of 1%. The most effective catalyst to produce biodiesel was KOH/CaO 1g KOH with a biodiesel yield of 94.91 %. Optimum biodiesel was obtained at KOH/CaO 1g KOH catalyst at 700 °C with a heavy reaction condition of 1 wt% catalyst, the reaction time of 3 hours, stirring speed of 500 rpm, the temperature of 60 °C and the mole ratio of oil to methanol 1: 15 resulted in a yield of 94, 91%. Increasing the stirring speed increases the frequency of collisions with the reactants thereby increasing the yield of biodiesel. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced are 0.01% water content, specific gravity 880 kg/m3, viscosity 5.38 mm2/s, carbon residue 0.01% by weight, acid number 0.42 mg-KOH/g, saponification number 225.95, the iodine number is 50.44 and the cetane number is 59.11. In general, the characteristics of biodiesel are following the requirements of SNI 7182.2015.
SINTESIS KATALIS KOH/CaOMENGGUNAKAN METODE SOL-GEL UNTUK TRANSESTERIFIKASI CPO MENJADI BIODIESEL DENGAN VARIASI BERAT KATALIS
(Elfitra, 2021-12) Audina, Vellia; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
Calcium oxide (CaO) is one of the most commonly used heterogeneous base catalysts in the biodiesel synthesis process. The high CaCO3 content in the blood clam shell can be used as a catalyst in the synthesis of biodiesel using crude palm oil (CPO). Biodiesel production using a KOH/CaO catalyst derived from blood clam shell. KOH/CaO catalyst was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The catalyst was characterized by using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to determine the functional groups contained in the catalyst. The OH functional group has been formed at the wave number 3642,73 cm-1 which indicates Ca(OH)2. Biodiesel was synthesized by varying the weights of the catalyst (1,2,3 dan 4) wt% for 3 hours at 60 °C, the mole ratio of methanol oil 1:15 with stirring speed 500 rpm. The maximum biodiesel yield was obtained on a catalyst of KOH/CaO (1 g KOH) with a catalyst weight of 1 %wt of 94.92%. The characteristics of the biodiesel produced in this study were a water content, density, viscosity, carbon residue, acid number, saponification number, iodine number and cetane number. In general, the characteristics of biodiesel are in accordance with the requirements of SNI 7182-2015.
SINTESIS KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM SIR 20-ARANG CANGKANG BUAH KARET TERAKTIVASI ASAM SULFAT-PASIR COR SEBAGAI MEDIA PENGOLAHAN AIR GAMBUT
(Elfitra, 2022-07) Rukmanah, Desi Nurmiati; Nurhayati, Nurhayati
Composite is a material formed from two or more mixtures with different chemical and physical properties to produce a new material. The composite materials used in this study were SIR 20 natural rubber as a matrix, activated charcoal from rubber fruit shells and cast sand as filler. Composites were made by varying the filler materials, namely natural rubber SIR 20-100% activated carbon-0% cast sand (KA), natural rubber SIR 20-50% activated carbon-50% cast sand (KAP I), natural rubber SIR 20- activated carbon 75%-cast sand 25% (KAP II), natural rubber SIR 20-activated carbon 25%-sand cast75% (KAP III) natural rubber SIR 20-activated carbon 0%-cast sand 100% (KP) while the control consists of 4 sheets of natural rubber SIR 20. Composites were applied for peat water treatment in Rimbo Panjang Village. The results showed that the analysis of color parameters, pH, TSS and TDS after filtering with composites, showed natural rubber SIR 20-activated carbon 100%-cast sand 0% (KA) was able to improve color quality, TSS and TDS respectively by 30, 63%; 90.12; 91.12%;97.95% and can increase the pH from 3.66 to 6.98.

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