DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Nurhayati"

Browsing by Author "Nurhayati"

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ABU CANGKANG BUAH KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU
(2017-01-09) Siahaan, Agnes Rezky; Muhdarina; Nurhayati
Ketapang (Terminallia catappa) fruit shell belong to an organic waste which is a source of carbon compounds derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This study utilized ketapang fruit shell waste in the environment Riau University campus to be converted into ashes. Ash was obtained by calcined at a temperature of 700 °C (CBK-700) and 800 °C (CBK-800) for 1 hour. Furthermore, ash was used as an biosorbent of methylene blue in following parameters variation; contact time (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes), dosage of adsorbent (0,5; 1; 2 and 3 g) and initial concentration of adsorbate (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50 ppm). Result of the research showed that adsorption of methylene blue by ketapang fruit shell occured in optimum condition of contact time 15 minutes, dosage of adsorbent 0,5 g and initial concentration of adsorbat 50 ppm. Ketapang fruit shell ash was given the adsorption capacity value against methylene blue were 5,1030 mg g-1 for CBK-700 and 5,0280 mg g-1 for CBK-800. Difference of calcination temperature wasn’t give a large difference against asdorption capacity of methylene blue.
Adsorpsi Pb (II) oleh Lempung Alam Desa Talanai (Das Kampar)modifikasi NaOH
(2013-03-21) Linggawati, Amilia; Muhdarina; Nurhayati; Amri, T. Arifiil; Yulis, Andri; Herlinda
Modifikasi lempung merupakan salah satu upaya memperbaiki karakter lempung alam. Penggunaan NaOH untuk memodifikasi lempung telah meningkatkan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) lempung. Berdasarkan peningkatan KTK diprediksi bahwa lempung hasil modifikasi dengan NaOH dapat menjerap kation. Aplikasi lempung termodifikasi NaOH ini digunakan untuk menjerap kation Pb(II). Daya jerap lempung terhadap Pb(II) dipelajari dari pengaruh waktu kontak, konsentrasi adsorbat, temperatur dan pH pada proses penjerapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penjerapan Pb^^ oleh lempung terrmodifikasi NaOH lebih tinggi daripada lempung alam dengan peningkatan sekitar 0,1-0,25 mg/g lempung. Penjerapan tertinggi Pb^^ oleh lempung modifikasi(97,7%) terjadi pada waktu kontak 60 menit, konsentrasi adsorbat 20 ppm, suhu 30°C dan pH 6.
CHANGES IN PHENOLIC AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF Coleus amboinicus TEA DURING STORAGE
(2014-05-21) Jose, Christine; Nurhayati; Chainulfiffah
Coleus amboinicus plants were grown organically treated with three different foliar treatments (control, herb fermented plant extract and EM5). Green tea and black tea were produced from each treatment and stored for up to three months. All green teas have significant higher (P<0.05) phenolic and flavonoid contents compared to all black teas. Green tea produced from EM5 foliar treatment showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. Some changes of phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed in green teas and black teas during 3 months storage.
EFEKTIVITAS KOAGULAN CAIR BERBASIS LEMPUNG ALAM UNTUK MENYISIHKAN ION Mn (II) DAN Mg (II) DARI AIR GAMBUT
(2013-05-02) Fetriyeni, M.; Muhdarina; Nurhayati
Clay as abundant natural products can be used for various things, one of which is a coagulant in water treatment. This research has been utilized Cengar clay as a liquid coagulant source. The liquid coagulant was made through extraction of the Cengar clay by using sulfuric acid solution with variation of concentration, temperature and extraction time. After measuring by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry methode, two liquid coagulants with the highest content of Al and Fe ions (mg/L) was found. There are (mg/L) : Al 28.118 and Fe 26.818 for liquid coagulant of Al>Fe type and Al 23.926 and Fe 34.993 for liquid coagulant of AlFe, the content of Mn (II) and Mg (II) in the peat water was reduced to 24.429 mg/L and 17.2 mg/L, similar to the liquid coagulant of Al
THE EFFECT OF OIL-METHANOL MOLAR RATIO AND REACTION TIME ON THE SYNTHESIS OF BIODIESEL USING SODIUM ACETAT ACTIVATED CLAY HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
(2014-05-21) Nurhayati; Erman; Muhdarina; Mulyani, Sri
Biodiesel is mainly produced from vegetable oils or animal fats by the method of transesterification reaction using catalysts. Many heterogeneous solid acid and base catalysts have been studied for the transesterification of various vegetables oils. In this study the transesterification of vegetables oil to fatty acid methyl esters was studied using sodium acetat activated clay catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by adding 200ml CH3COONa 1M to 10gr clay, stirred, washed and calcined at 300oC for 3 hours. The transesterification reaction was performed with variation of the oil-methanol molar ratio and reaction time. Furthermore, the quality of biodiesel produced were characterized by ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) method i.e. viscosity, flash point, carbon residue, cetane number and acid number, and the analysis result was compared with standardize (SNI). Free Fatty Acid (FFA) of waste cooking oil before synthesis was also calculated. It was found that the maximal production of biodiesel which is 78,033% when the oil-methanol molar ratio is 1:6 and 8 hours of transesterification. The characterizations of biodiesel produced have no significant different and all of those were in the range of Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI)
IDENTIFIKASI SISIK IKAN ASIN SEBAGAI SUMBER ADSORBEN UNTUK PENJERAPAN LOGAM Pb
(2016-05-02) Afriansyah; Nurhayati; Muhdarina
Salted fish scale has potential as an adsorbent for Pb metal removal from aqueous solutions under different experimental conditions. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of physical pretreatments and particle size concerning properties of salted fish scaled. Adsorben from salted fish scale prepared with 3 methods, that were washed with water, soaked at room themperature, soaked at themperature of 80oC. The fish scales were allowed to dry in sunshine for 2 days. The scales were then kept in an oven at 105oC. The adsorbent was characterizationed surface area. The result, sample were washed with water has surface area 8.095 m2/g, sample were soaked at room themperature has surface area 11,1 m2/g, sample were soaked at themperature 80oC has surface area 19,83 m2/g. The maximum concentration for adsorption Pb(II) on salted fish scale that washed with water was at 10 ppm which the %adsorption was 28,05%.
IMPREGNASI KOH PADA CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa) YANG DIKALSINASI SUHU 900°C SEBAGAI KATALIS HETEROGEN DALAM PRODUKSI BIODIESEL
(2016-05-16) Afandi, Trisno; Nurhayati; Awaluddin, Amir
CaO is a basic catalyst which is frequently used for the synthesis of biodiesel. The development of catalyst especially CaO has become attractive topic for research in order to obtain good catalytic activity so that biodiesel produced will be increased. In this study, the CaO was synthesized from decomposition reaction of blood cockle shell at 900°C for 5 hours. KOH was impregnated into CaO by simple wet impregnation method (percentage K: 1%, 3% dan 5% (w/w) CaO). The catalyst was then characterized by XRD, adsorption methylene blue, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and titration. The activity of catalysts was tested by synthesis of biodiesel using waste cooking oil as feedstock at weight of catalyst 3%, mole ratio of oil:methanol 1:6, temperature of reaction 60°C for 3 hours. Biodiesel produced by blood cockle shell catalyst without impregnation was 82,53%, while biodiesel produced by blood cockle shell catalyst impregnated KOH 1%, 3%, and 5% were 77,96%, 74,94%, and 81,5% respectively
IMPREGNASI KOH PADA KATALIS YANG BERASAL DARI CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (Anadara granosa) KALSINASI SUHU 800 °C UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL
(2016-10-19) Mulviani; Linggawati, Amilia; Nurhayati
Impregnation of KOH on blood cockle shell catalyst is one of the ways to improve the catalyst performance in biodiesel synthesis. The presence of new base sites due to increased base catalyst performance to increase the convertion of triglycerides into biodiesel. In this study, the catalyst was derived from decomposition of blood cockle shells at 800 °C for 5 and 10 hours. The catalysts was impregnated with KOH by wet impregnation method (percentage K: 1, 3 dan 5%). Type of minerals contained in blood cockle shell catalysts before and after impregnated with KOH (percentage K: 1, 3, and 5%) were Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) and Calcite (CaCO3). The CKD-10-5K catalyst had the highest basicity and potassium were 2,0333 mmol/g dan 6,00%, while CKD-5-1K had the highest surface area was 33,8911 m2/g. The optimum biodiesel result was 81,74% obtained from transesterification of waste cooking oil using CKD-10-5K catalyst by the reaction conditions were weight catalyst 3 g, oil and methanol mole ratio 1:6, reaction temperature 60±2 ºC and reaction time 3 hours. It has been observed that the basicity has much influence on the catalytic activities impregnated-KOH catalysts towards transesterification
IMPREGNASI LEMPUNG ALAM DAN PRESTASINYA UNTUK MELEPASKAN CU(II) DARI DALAM AIR
(2012-11-12) Muhdarina; Nurhayati; Bahri, Syaiful
Lempung alam yang tersusun oleh kaoiinit, muscovit dan kuarsa telah diimpregnasi dengan larutan berair 1 molar ammonium asetat dan sodium asetat. Jenis mineral dan komposisi oksida tidak berubah pada lempung terimpregnasi, tetapi kandungan oksida logam dan kapasitas kation penukar berubah. Prestasi adsorpsi kation Cu(ll) oleh lempung alam dan lempung terimpregnasi dipengaruhi oleh pH larutan Cu(ll). Interaksi Cu(ll) dengan lempung memenuhi kinetika order pseudo-kedua, data kesetimbangan adsorpsi mengikuti isotherm Langmuir, sedangkan proses adsorpsi berjalan secara eksotermis dengan penurunan entropi dan kenaikan energi Gibbs. Pemodifikasi sodium asetat memberikan kapasitas adsorpsi kation Cu(ll) paling tinggi diantara lempung-lempung itu.
Isolasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikrobial Pada Fraksi N-Heksan Daun Katu (Sauropus Androgynus L. Merr)
(2015-07-07) Nurhayati
Sauropus androgynns (L.) Merr, a wild shrub of the Euphorbiaceae family, is extensively distributed in India, Malaysia and Indonesia. It has been used as folk medicines sach as abscess, feverish and can increase the mother's breast milk production. Leaf Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr was extracted with n-hexan. Vacum liquid chromatography (VLC) of the extract with a solvent gradient from 100% n-hexan, ethyl acetate and methanol. After that extract was thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography and was obtained two compounds (heneicosan and methyl hexadecanoic) from n-hexan extract used characterization UV spectra, IR spectra, NMR spectra and GC-MS. Activities antimicrobial was exhibited negative yielded.
KARAKTERISASI LEMPUNG PALAS YANG DIAKTIVASI DENGAN AMONIUM DIHIDROGEN FOSFAT DAN APLIK
(2013-07-20) Sijabat, F.; Nurhayati; Nurhayati; Muhdarina
Clay is one of natural resources which has a the potential to be developed. To optimize the potential of the clay takes a touch of technology through characterization of clay, so it can be fully utilized. Clay with a high silica level has a negative impact on the adsorption, it can be seen from the silica content of Palas natural clay samples obtained at 66,46%. Therefore, the activation is done using ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) which calcined at 230oC with over 5 hours of fusion method that aims to reduce the amount of silica contained in the clay to increase absorbency. In this study, Si4+ cation contained in the clay was exchanged with cations P that causes excess positive charge on the clay framework, thus it is potential to be used as adsorbent of anion exchanger. After activation there is a decline in the amount of silica in sample LP (56,95%) which suggests that there is substitution between Si atom by atom P. In addition, the surface area of the clay phosphatation also decreased when compared with the natural clay surface area, is LA (25,39 m2/g) and LP (24,60 m2/g). Based on the results of the determination of the adsorption of the anion nitrite by phosphatation clays with variation of contact time, it showed that the lowest adsorption present at sample LA has adsorption 22,2% and sample LP has adsorption at 12,93% with each of a contact time 20 minutes.
KARAKTERISASI LEMPUNG PALAS YANG DIAKTIVASI DENGAN NaOH SECARA IMPREGNASI
(2013-03-13) Sari, Derima; Nurhayati; Erman
Natural clays can be used as adsorbents, ion exchange resins, and catalysts or catalyst supports. Natural clay has some laxity such as low thermal resistance, relatively low cation exchange capacity and acidity. Furthermore, lot of impurities in the lattice clay surface can cause destruction to the structure of the clay. Therefore, the characteristic of natural clays needs to be improved, one of which is through chemically and physically activated. In this research, natural clay was activated with NaOH (NaOH/Clay 5% w/w) through impegnation method and calcination at temperature 300oC. Activated clay was identified including the composition by XRD, the ratio Si/Al by gravimetric method, cation exchange capacity by the Nessler reagent, surface area by methylene blue method and the acidity and alkalinity of clay by titration Alkalimetry and acidimetry. Based on XRD result, showing that the activation of natural clay with NaOH causes kaolin transformed into muscovite and producing sodium alumina silicate compounds. Furthermore, activated clay has value of rasio Si/Al, cation exchange capacity, surface area, acidity and alkalinity that are 3.87, 43.117 meq/100 g, 24.07 m2/g, 0.5635 mmol/g and 0.3375 mmol/g respectively.
KARAKTERISASI LEMPUNG TALANAI YANG DIAKTIVASI DENGAN NaOH MENGGUNAKAN METODE REFLUKS
(2013-07-30) Putri, Adelina; Nurhayati; Erman
Natural clay has the disadvantage of low cation exchange capacity and not resistant to heating, and the number of impurities on the surface and in the lattice clays. In the use of natural clays as adsorbents not provide optimal results. Activation of the physico- chemical characteristics are expected to improve the natural clay. In this study, activated natural clays with 2M NaOH with reflux method, by using a three-neck round bottom flash. During the last reflux stirring constantly using a magnetic stirrer for 8 hours. Clay activation results identified by XRD analysis and characterized by parameters Si/Al ratio determined using the gravimetric method, CEC using Nessler reagent as measured by spectrophotometry, acid and alkaline sites determined using titration method alkalimetri and acidimetry, as well as the surface area is determined by the absorption the methylene blue clay as measured by spectrophotometry. XRD analysis results indicate that the activation of natural clay kaolinite using NaOH lead turned into sodium alumina silicate. Characterization results showed an increase in CEC, surface area, acid and alkaline clay site activation, but the Si/Al ratio decreased. Activation clay CEC value meq/100g 487.94, the surface area of 24.77 m2 / g, acidity 1.225 mmol / g, 1.087 mmol alkalinity / g and the ratio of Si/Al 2,901.
KARAKTERISTIK PADATAN Co3O4-LEMPUNG TERPILAR ALUMINA
(2014-05-21) Muhdarina; Nurhayati; Suminih
Potensi pengembangan lempung alam Riau terus dikaji secara berkelanjutan. Sejumlah logam Co telah diinterkalasi dengan kadar yang bervariasi diantara 1, 5 dan 10% (b/b) ke pada pendukung lempung terpilar alumina. Logam diinterkalasi melalui prekursor Co(NO3)2.6H2O secara impregnasi basah dan kalsinasi pada temperatur 550°C selama 4 jam. Identitas struktur, nisbah Si/Al dan luas permukaan padatan yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi secara difraksi sinar X, gravimetri dan adsorpsi biru metilen. Puncak difraksi Co3O4 terbentuk pada kadar logam 5% dan 10%.Kedua padatan Co3O4-lempung terpilar alumina menunjukkan nisbah Si/Al dan luas permukaan yang lebih kecil daripada pendukungnya. Dengan demikian terbuka peluang menggunakan produk interkalasi ini sebagai katalis untuk proses oksidas
KESETIMBANGAN ADSORPSI Pb(II) PADA LEMPUNG ALAM DESA TALANAI KABUPATEN KAMPAR
(2013-03-07) Yuwanti, Riha; Erman; Nurhayati
Heavy metal removal into environment causes serious of soil, endangering the quality of water and natural resources used for human consumption, therefore need to be a way to reduce the heavy metal by adsorption method. Adsorbent are used commonly activated carbon, clay, seaweed and marine algae. This study used natural clay as an adsorbent from Talanai village due to easily available, inexpensive, and has a high enough capacity to redeem the levels of heavy metal ions. Natural clays are heated 105oC used to adsorb Pb metal by the influence of contact time, concentration, temperature, weight of adsorbent and pH in order to study the adsorption equilibrium of natural clay. The method for the adsorption is batch method, in which adsorbate is mixed with an adsorbent and then filtrate was separated by centrifuge. Then the filtrate was directly analyzed by SSA. The results showed that the optimum contact time obtained is 15 minutes, the concentration of 20 ppm, a temperature of 60oC, weight of 1 g and a pH optimum adsorption at pH 6. Adsorption equilibrium models can be represented by the Langmuir equilibrium model of the value of R2 is 0.999. Adsorption type used in this study is physical adsorption (fisisorpsi) which is characterized by a low value of ΔH and positive that is 6.254 kJ / mol and ΔS = 12.35 J / mol K. ΔH is positive that indicates that the reaction is endothermic. ΔG also is positive the value is 2.511 kJ / mol, can be concluded that the reaction is not spontaneous
KINETIKA ADSORPSI KATION Pb(II) OLEH LEMPUNG ALAM DESA TALANAI YANG DIAKTIVASI NaOH PADA KALSINASI SUHU 600oC
(2013-03-07) S., Lihin; Nurhayati; Erman
Natural clay is a part of earth that has pores and active sites on its surface. In this case the clay can be used for removing heavy metal pollutants because it has properties as an adsorbent. The purpose of this study is to determine adsorption rate constant (k) of natural clays activated NaOH through the metal adsorption of Pb(II) under the influence variation of concentration, temperature and contact time. This study uses natural clay from Talanai Village activated with a concentration of 1 M NaOH (L1) and clay without activation (Lo) as a metal adsorber Pb(II) in the solution of Pb(NO3)2. Activation of clay with NaOH was done by immersion method, followed by calcination process of at a temperature 600oC. The results showed that the maximum absorption of Lo is at concentration of 10 mg/L and L1 at 20 mg/L. Lo is the maximum at temperature 30oC and L1 at 50oC. Adsorption kinetics in this study meets pseudo orde-two correlation with coefficient R2 value (0.996 to 0.999). The rate constant (k) adsorption of Lo is -0,864 mgg-1 min-1 and L1 is 5.336 mgg-1 min-1
KINETIKA ADSORPSI KATION Pb(II) OLEH LEMPUNG ALAM DESA TALANAI YANG DIAKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA
(2013-03-08) S., Rianova; Nurhayati; Erman
Clay is a natural inorganic polymer this has aluminosilicate hydrate form. It is widely known as the fraction of fine colloids (± 2 μm) of soil, sediment or rock. If the clay absorbs water, it is like a plastic form and instead will harden if dehydrated. Clay can be used as an absorber of heavy metals present in the aquatic environment and solid waste, such as Pb which is toxic for humans and animals. There are many method that have been developed to reduce the concentration of Pb ions in the environment, one of which is through adsorption method. This research has been done to study adsorption kinetics of metal ion Pb2+ on natural and modified clay. This natural clay is physically activated. This research was conducted with various concentration of Pb2+, adsorption temperature, and contact time respectively. Analysis is performed using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophometry method. The result showed that the optimum for the absorption at initial concentration 7.8658 mg/L (L0 and L1) and temperature 30oC. The adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) cation-Talanai clay follows the pseudo second-order kinetic with the maximum uptake time for L0 is 120 minutes and L1 is 300 minutes
LEMPUNG ALAM DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) KUANTAN SEBAGAI PENYANGGA KATALIS: STRUKTUR KATALISATOR Ni-LEMPUNG
(2013-03-21) Muhdarina; Nurhayati; Linggawati, Amilia; Syakiroh
Lempung alam DAS Kuantan dipilih sebagai sumber, lalu dipilarisasi menggunakan ion Keggin. Lempung terpilar ini digunakan sebagai penyangga bagi penyediaan katalis logam Ni. Katalis disediakan dengan menginterkalasi logam melalui prekursor Ni(N03)2.6H20 kepada lempung terpilar, kemudian dikalsinasi pada 550°C selama 4 jam. Perubahan struktur yang terjadi dipelajari dengan difraktometer sinar X. Prekursor yang ditambahkan kepada lempung terpilar menyisakan oksida NiO di atas penyangga lempung yang ditunjukkan dengan d-spacing (2 theta) 2,41 A (37,3°) dan 2,07 A (43,5°). Oksida NiO yang dihasilkan di atas penyangga lempung terpilar berbentuk nanopartikel.
LEMPUNG TERAKTIVASI SULFAT SEBAGAI KATALIS ESTERIFIKASI CRUDE PALM OIL (CPO)
(2016-10-19) Febririanti, Rosa; Muhdarina; Nurhayati
This study focused on the use of Maredan clays as a catalyst in the esterification reaction. Maredan clays have been activated by chemical and physical modification, with variation of sulfuric acid concentration (0,1; 0,2 and 0,3 M) and calcination at 500oC for 10 hours. Each samples were marked by acid concentration (LM01*, LM02* and LM03*). The sulfuric acid activated Maredan clay catalysts were tested in the esterification reaction using crude palm oil (CPO) under condition of mol ratio of CPO:methanol (1:24), weight of the catalyst 1, 3, 5 g, and reaction temperature 60, 65 and 70oC. Before performing esterification reaction the water content and free fatty acid (FFA) in CPO were determined. The water and FFA contents obtained were 0,86% and 4,13% respectively. The results showed that the highest conversion of FFA esterification process was 34,91% produced by LM03* catalyst at 60oC and 1 g of catalyst.
MEKANISME ADSORPSI KATION Pb(II) PADA LEMPUNG CENGAR TERAKTIVASI ASAM SULFAT
(2014-03-27) Nugraha, N.A.; Muhdarina; Nurhayati
Adsorption ability of sulfuric acid activated Cengar clays (LC0.2; LC0.4 and LC0.6) has been studied by using Pb(II) cation in aqueous solutions. The adsorption experiment was performed at various contact time i.e., 5; 15; 30; 60; 70; 80; 90; 100; 110 and 120 minutes. The adsorption ability was also determined for various weight of adsorbent i.e., 0.1; 0.3; 0.5; 0.7 and 1 g at the optimum contact time. All experiments were done conditioned at 30 oC and 20 ppm of Pb(II). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the number of Pb(II) which has been adsorbed by all clays and the results were analysed using intra-particle diffusion mechanism. The optimum contact time was observed at 90 minutes with the number of Pb(II) adsorbed by the LC0.2; LC0.4 and LC0.6 were 0.759; 0.799 and 0.827 mg/g, respectively. The optimum weight of adsorbent was 0,5 g. LC 0.6 was found to be the best clay to adsorb Pb(II) according to the intra-particle diffusion mechanism. We found that R2 for all clays were LC0.2 (0.854); LC0.4 (0.878) and LC0.6 (0.947), respectively.

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