Browsing by Author "Muhdarina, Muhdarina"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 25
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item ANALISIS GUGUS FUNGSI DAN KEASAMAN ZEOLIT HASIL SINTESIS DARI LEMPUNG ALAM(2020-10) Ramadhita, Bianti; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaThe use of natural raw materials for synthesis zeolite is considered to have more economic advantages, but special treatment is needed to remove some impurities such as metals. This study aims to synthesize zeolite using Maredan natural clay as a source of Si and Al through reflux method. The synthesis was started from the leaching process using 3 M sulfuric acid by adjusting the post-leaching atmosphere to pH 2 and 4, then calcined at 750ºC for 3 hours. Post-calcined clays were aged at 80ºC using 5 M NaOH with a stirring speed of 300 rpm for 3 hours, then followed by a reflux process at 100ºC for 8 hours. The solids from this synthesis were characterized using FTIR. FTIR data shows a double ring vibration D4R and D6R at a wavelength of 550-600 cm-1. These two types of vibrations correspond to the functional groups of the sodalite type zeolites. The acid site of the zeolite can be determined by FTIR analysis using pyridine adsorption, which shows the presence of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites at wave numbers 1540-1545 cm-1 and 1419-1544 cmItem ANALISIS PARAMETER ADSORPSI PADA PROSES PENJERAPAN BESI DALAM AIR GAMBUT OLEH ARANG CANGKANG BIJI KETAPANG(2020-11) Putri, Desri Wahyu Riska; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaPeat water contains iron (Fe) which causes the water to turn brownish red. In this research, the iron uptake was carried out using an adsorbent based on ketapang seed shells. The adsorbent was made by carbonization at 5000C for 30 minutes to obtain ketapang seed shell charcoal. Ketapang seed shell charcoal was applied to adsorb iron cations in peat water by analyzing the parameters of contact time, adsorbent weight and volume of peat water. The optimum conditions for the uptake of iron cations in peat water were 30 minutes of contact time, 1 g of adsorbent weight and 100 mL peat water volume to adsorbed iron weight per g of adsorbent 0.21x10-3 mg g-1 or the ad sorption efficiency of 38.07%.Item ANALISIS PENGARUH AKTIVASI KIMIA DAN FISIKA LEMPUNG MAREDAN TERHADAP RASIO Si/Al PADA SINTESIS ZEOLIT(Elfitra, 2022-09) Hamidiyah, Zakiatul; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaMaredan natural clay in recent years has been widely used as raw material for zeolite synthesis, but the results obtained are not good enough because there are still mineral impurities such as Fe. One of method to remove these impurities is through chemical and physical activation of Maredan clay. In this study, Maredan natural clay was leached with 1 M H2SO4 at a temperature of 80oC for 3 hours and then calcined for 3 hours at a temperature of 650 oC. Post activation clay was converted into zeolite using reflux method. The results of XRF analysis proved that there was a decrease in Fe content from 8.530% to 7.710%, while silica and alumina levels from Maredan clay increased after the activation process. The results of the synthesis obtained a type of zeolite with low Si content with a Si/Al ratio of 1.577.Item ANALISIS SEM-EDS DARI MATERIAL HIGH ENTROPY ALLOY (HEA) YANG DISINTESIS DENGAN TEKNIK MECHANICAL ALLOYING(Elfitra, 2023-07) Fahrezi, Irgi Ahmad; Muhdarina, Muhdarina; Sembiring, Kiky CorneliasariThe surface morphology of HEA Co-Cr-Al-Fe-Ni material and distribution of metal compositions in alloy were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis. A total of 40 g of HEA material was synthesized through a 60-hour milling process with the addition of 1 wt% stearic acid. The results revealed that the material surface exhibited a spherical shape with a less even distribution of metal composition. Although the entropy value of the Co-Cr- Al-Fe-Ni alloy material configuration met the criteria for being classified as a HEA. It can be concluded that the mechanical alloying technique was successful in synthesizing the HEA material.Item ANALISIS XRD DARI ZSM-5 SEBAGAI HASIL SINTESIS DARI LEMPUNG ALAM MAREDAN(2020-12) Sumiati, Sumiati; Sophia, Halida; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaMaredan clay contains SiO2 87.58% and Al2O3 11.226% which can be used in zeolite synthesis. ZSM-5 is porous material which is widely used in industrial scale as a catalyst and adsorbent. Synthesis of ZSM-5 was carried out using the hydrothermal method of dealuminated HCl 8 N metakaolin. Metakaolin was obtained by calcined Maredan clay for 6 h at a temperature of 700oC. Synthesis of ZSM-5 was carried out at a molar composition of 1.0 SiO2: 0.0067 Al2O3: 0.174 NaOH: 8 H2O: 0.07 PEG with variations in hydrothermal time of 12 and 24 h at a hydrothermal temperature of 140oC. The synthesis zeolite was characterized using XRD. The results of the analysis on the synthesis of ZSM-5 using HCl 8 N dealuminated metakaolin were similar to standard ZSM-5 peaks with a crystallinity of 5.54% formed at 24 h hydrotermal time.Item ANALISIS XRF LEMPUNG ALAM MAREDAN PASCA AKTIVASI KIMIA-FISIKA(Elfitra, 2022-09) Silvia, Hilly; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaMaredan clay is one of the mineral resources in Siak Regency, Riau Province, containing silica and alumina which can be used as raw materials for making zeolites. Prior to use, the clay must be activated to remove impurities from the clay structure lattice. In this study, the Maredan clay was activated using H2SO4 1 M with the reflux method and calcined at 650℃ for 3 hours. Activated clay and before activation were analyzed using XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence). The results of XRF analysis show that the activation process can increase the content of silica and alumina oxides, as well as the Si/Al ratio, on the other hand it can reduce the iron (Fe) content in the clay. The increase in silica and alumina content can increases the chances of converting Maredan clay into zeolite.Item BIOARANG CANGKANG BUAH KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU(2018-03-07) Wahyuni, Putri; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaThe research used the catappa shell (terminalia catappa) that grown around in Riau University as an adsorbent for blue methylene adsorption. The catappa shell was carbonized in various time such 30, 60 and 90 minutes. pHzpc biocharcoals were measured to know the surface characterictic of adsorbent. Adsorption process was done using batch method to determine the optimum pH, adsorbent dosis and adsorbat concentration in adsorption process. The results of this research showed that % adsorption BCK-60 in various pH and adsorbent dosis has higher than BCK-30 and BCK-90, while various concentrations of BCK-30 has effiency of adsorption higher than that of BCK-60 and BCK-90.Item Biodiesel Production from Waste Frying Oil: Using H2S04 and Transesterification Using Derived from Anadara granosa Esterification Cao Catalyst(wahyu sari yeni, 2018-10-22) Nurhavati, Nurhavati; Muhdarina, Muhdarina; Linggawati, Amilia; Amri, Tengku ArifulBiodiesel is one of an environmentally friendly alternative fuels. This study aimed to synthesize biodiesel from waste frying oil by the two step catalytic process, esterification of free fatty acids using sulfuric acid catalyst and transesterification of trigycerides using Cao catalyst derived from blood cockle shells (anadaro granosa). Cao catalyst was prepared by coarsely grounded cockie shell using a mortar pestle, dried in an oven at 110 °C for overnight and calcined at 900 °C for 10 hours. The optimum conditions of the esterification and transesterification processes was evaluated by varying temperature and time of reaction for both processes. The biodiesel conversion was analyzed by using GC and the biodiesel chacteristics were analized and the results were compared to Standar National for Biodiesel (SNI 04-7183-2006). The maximum yield of biodiesel was 80.04% at reaction conditions of H2504 catalyst was 3%, the mole ratio of oil: methanol was 1:18, temperature was 70°C, and reaction time was 2 hours, and the transesterification condition were temperature at 60°C, and reaction time for 3 hours. The characteristics of biodiesel were in the range of standar for biodiesel (SNI 04-7183-2006).Item EFEK pH PASCA LEACHING TERHADAP RASIO Si/Al ZEOLIT BERBASIS LEMPUNG ALAM MAREDAN(2020-10) Saputra, Oddy Azis; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaMaredan natural clay has been used as raw material for zeolite synthesis, but the results are not satisfying because impurities such as metals are still found. It needs a special treatment that aims to remove these impurities in the clay, namely carrying out the leaching process with acid. The zeolite synthesis in this study began with the leaching process of Maredan natural clay with 1 M H2SO4 at 80 oC for 3 hours. The filtered paste is washed with mineral-free aqua until pH 2 and 4 variations are reached, then calcined for 3 hours at a temperature of 650 ºC. After calcination, the samples were mixed with 50 mL of 5 M NaOH and stirred at 300 rpm for 3 hours at 80 ºC. After that, the reflux process was carried out at a temperature of 100ºC for 8 hours. The zeolite solids obtained were characterized by the XRF method. The results of the analysis revealed that the composition of Al and Fe levels decreased due to post-leaching pH adjustments 2 and 4. However, Si levels increased due to the effect of post-leaching pH. The synthesized zeolite has Si / Al ratios of 1.7 and 2.02. This research shows that increasing the pH regulation will increase the Si / Al ratio of zeolites produced.Item Karakter Dan Potensi Adsorpsi Lempung Cengar Terpilar Terhadap Ka Tion Cu(II) Dalam Media Air(wahyu sari yeni, 2018-10-22) Muhdarina, Muhdarina; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Bahri, SaifulLempung Cengar terpilar telah disintesis dengan mencampur secara langsung suspensi lempung ke dalam larutan pemilar Keggin-Alumina (WK) dan mencampur suspensi lempung secara bertahap ke dalam larutan sodium asetat dan larutan pemilar Keggin-Alumina (SAK), kemudian keduanya dikalsinasi di dalam atmosferis udara. Perubahan pola difraksi dan vibrasi lempung Cengar dikarakterisasi menggunakan metoda XRD dan FTIR. Pilarisasi menunjukkan kenaikan jarak kisi mineral dari 3.57 A menjadi 4.55 A dean mineral baru bentonit, vibrasi ulur Keggin-OH dan vibrasi ulur Al tetrahedral Keggin-Al' OOH. Kapasitas adsorpsi kation Cu(II) pada WK lebih rendah dari pada SAK dan keduanya mengikuti model isotenna Freundlich. Secara tennodinamika, WK mengalami proses eksotennis dengan penurunan entropi dan tidak spontan, tetapi SAK adalah endotermis dengan entropi positif clan -pontan.Item KARAKTER UMUM ARANG KULIT DURIAN YANG DISEDIAKAN SECARA KARBONISASI(Elfitra, 2023-11) Lestari, Mira; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaThe biomass of durian peel has been transformed into charcoal on a laboratory scale. This research aims to study the characteristics of charcoal obtained from the carbonization process inside a furnace at a temperature of 300ºC with durations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, namely AKD 30, AKD 60, and AKD 90. The produced characteristics are characterized, including yield, moisture content, ash content, charcoal surface acidity, and methylene blue adsorption, respectively. Increased the carbonization time causes the water content and surface aciditiy to decrease, but the ash content increased, while the adsorbed methylene blue was quite variable. AKD 30 is better charcoal than the other two charcoals, although it is still below SNI standard 06-3730-1995.Item KARAKTERISASI ADSORBEN Fe3O4/KARBON AKTIF PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq.)(Elfitra, 2023-05) Andareni, Indah; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaSynthesis of Fe3O4/activated carbon has been successfully carried out on a laboratory scale. Activated carbon is made from palm fronds biomass by carbonization in a furnace at 600°C for 1 hour, chemically activated using KOH activator with a weight ratio of charcoal and KOH 1:3 and followed by calcination at 800°C for 30 minutes. Activated carbon was modified by coprecipitation using FeCl3.6H2O and FeSO4.7H2O salts in a mole ratio (2:1) by adding 5 M NaOH solution at 70°C to obtain Fe3O4/activated carbon adsorbents. The results of the characterization of Fe3O4/activated carbon showed that the water content and iodine adsorption capacity met the quality standards of activated carbon according to SNI No.06-3730-1995, except for the ash content. The adsorption capacity of iodine decreased after the activated carbon was modified with Fe3O4, but during the separation process, the Fe3O4/activated carbon adsorbent more easily separated from solution than activated carbon.Item KARAKTERISASI ARANG AKTIF DARI LIMBAH PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)(2020-10) Natasyah, Evelin; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaThe used of oil palm plantation waste in the form of Oil Palm Fronds (OPF), needs to increase its economic value so that it will reduce OPF waste in Riau Province, by turning it into charcoal. OPF has the potential as a base material in maked activated charcoal because it has a high carbon content. OPF is converted into Activated Charcoal of Oil Palm Fronds (ACOPF) through a carbonization process with temperature variations of 400, 500 and 600 oC for 60 minutes. The results of characterization of charcoal yield and moisture content decreased with increasing carbonization temperature, while ash content increased with increasing carbonization temperature. The data obtained from water content and ash content have met the quality requirements of technical activated carbon according to SNI 06-3730-1995. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the samples had an amorphous structure with an LH of 8,061; 8,427; 8,587 nm and the value of Lw of 24,123; 23,529; 21,055 nm. The increase in carbonization temperature causes an increase in the value of LH while the value of LW has decreased. The degree of crystallinity will increase as the carbonization temperature increasesItem KARAKTERISASI ARANG AKTIF KULIT DURIAN (Durio Zibethinus Murr) YANG DISINTESIS SECARA KOMBINASI AKTIVASI DI DALAM KILN DRUM MICROWAVE(Elfitra, 2023-11) Kurniati, Mely; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaDurian peel activated charcoal was successfully synthesized using drum kiln carbonization with physical activation using 300 W microwave heating for 8 minutes (AAKD8), 10 minutes (AAKD10) and 12 minutes (AAKD12). This research aims to study the characteristics of durian skin charcoal and charcoal that is physically activated with microwaves from durian skin biomass. The quality of activated charcoal is determined based on Indonesian national standards (SNI 06-3730-1995). AKD characterization results for water content, ash content, methylene blue adsorption capacity were 2.19%; 12.46%; and 47.1673 mg/g. Based on variations in microwave activation time, the results showed that the lowest water content was in the AAKD12 sample at 0.20%, the lowest ash content was in the AAKD8 sample at 10.29%, and the methylene blue adsorption capacity was in the AAKD8 sample at 49.4541 mg/g. Variations in activation time using microwaves affect the characteristics of activated charcoal. Based on the quality standards for durian peel activated charcoal, it meets SNI standard No. 06-3730-1995. Based on the samples that have been characterized, it shows that AAKD8 is the best sample because it has all the maximum test characteristics.Item KARBONISASI LIMBAH PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI ADSORBEN UNTUK MENGURANGI KADAR Fe (III) PADA AIR GAMBUT(2020-10) Zikri, Rahmat; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaOil palm fronds are waste generated from oil palm plantations from pre to post harvest. These palm fronds have not been used optimally, they are usually burned or used as fertilizer. Palm fronds contain high cellulose and make the oil palm fronds potentialy as adsorbent. Shynthesis of COPF (Charcoal oil palm fronds) use carbonization method. COPF shynthesis process begin with collecting the palm fronds waste, then drying under sunlight continuous in oven for 2 hours. Next step homogenity size particle by sieving with unit 80 mesh and 120 mesh followed by carbonization, carbonization temperature 600 0C for 60 minutes. Moisture and ash content were determined with gravimetry, also applied in adsorption Fe (III) in peat water with contact time, mass adsorben and volume of peat water variations. Moisture value of adsorbent is 2,392% and the ash content 9,958%. Both of them qualify the technical activated charcoal requirements according SNI 06-3730-1995. The best result of adsorption Fe (III) in peat water show in contact time was 30 minutes, mass adsorben was 1 g and volume of peat water was 100 mL. The higher adsorption efficiency is 96,13% and capacity 0,052 mgg- 1. COPF is effectively used in reducing Fe (III) levels in peat water as evidence by its high adsorption effciency.Item KINETIKA ADSORPSI ZAT WARNA METILEN BIRU PADA ARANG AKTIF KULIT DURIAN(Elfitra, 2023-11) Yulisa, Nadia; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaDurian peel biomass has been widely studied as a source of activated charcoal because it contains cellulose. This study aims to determine the adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics of durian peel activated charcoal adsorbent in adsorbing methylene blue. Durian peel charcoal was synthesized through a carbonization process with a kiln drum followed by physical activation using microwave with variations in irradiation time, namely 8 (A8KD), 10 (A10KD) and 12 (A12KD) minutes. The adsorbent with the highest adsorption capacity in adsorbing methylene blue was sample A8KD at 75 minutes contact time of 32.05 mg g-1. Based on the adsorption of methylene blue by durian peel activated charcoal, the suitable adsorption kinetics model based on the regression value (R2) close to 1 for all samples is pseudo second-order kinetics. The adsorption constant (k2) of methylene blue on activated charcoal A12KD is the fastest among other activated charcoal with k2: 0.0105 g mg-1 min-1 and R2: 0.951.Item KORELASI PENURUNAN KADAR KEKERUHAN DARI LCPKS DENGANKADAR AIR DAN KADAR ABU KARBON AKTIF PELEPAH SAWIT (Elaeis gueneensis Jacq.)(Elfitra, 2021-12) Komariyah, Devi; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaPalm oil mill effluent (LCPKS) is the main waste from the palm oil industry which has the greatest potential for environmental pollution. Turbidity is one of the pollution parameters in LCPKS because it affects the penetration of light into the water. Therefore, a cheap and efficient waste treatment is needed, namely the adsorption method. Palm frond (PS) is one of the materials that has potential to be developed as activated carbon because of its abundant availability, containing cellulose and lignin. Synthesis of activated carbon from palm fronds was carried out by carbonization and activation processes. The PS was carbonized at 600℃ for 1 hour to obtain palm frond charcoal (APS). Then, the APS was activated by using KOH solution with a ratio of APS and KOH is 1:1; 1:2 and 1:3 (g/g) in 100 mL aqua DM followed with physical activation in the microwave at 100 W of power with time of 5 minutes respectively to become palm midrib activated charcoal (AAPS). Water content and ash content in activated carbon measured gravimetrically turned out to have met the quality standard according to SNI 06-3730-1995.Water content and ash content in activated carbon influence the turbidity reduction process. Activated carbon A1M5 with the water content of 0.59% and ash content of 6.41% has shown as an adsorbent which can reduce the turbidity of LCPKS as much as 82.11%.Item KORELASI PENURUNAN TDS DARI LCPKS DENGAN RASIO BERAT ARANG:KOH DAN KADAR AIR-ABU KARBON AKTIF PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)(Elfitra, 2021-12) Wahyuni, Suci Utari; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaThe production process of crude palm oil (CPO) from palm oil mills (PKS) always produces waste, including palm oil mill effluent (LCPKS). LCPKS contains dissolved compounds can be a problem for the surrounding environment. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) is most compounds in LCPKS which is composed of organic compounds and other minerals. Therefore, processing is needed to reduce TDS of LCPKS. Activated carbon from oil palm fronds was chosen an adsorbent in reducing TDS content of LCPKS. Oil palm fronds (PS) are the oil palm waste, consist of cellulose and lignin which can use as a source of activated carbon. Activated carbon was made converting oil palm fronds to be palm frond charcoal (APS) through the carbonization process at a temperature of 600oC for 1 hour. APS was then activated chemically using KOH with a variation of the ratio of charcoal and KOH (g/g) were 1:1 (A1M5); 1:2 (A2M5) and 1:3 (A3M3) in 100 mL of demineralization water and followed physical activation in the microwave with 100 W of power for 3 minutes, so that obtained activated carbon from palm fronds (AAPS). The water and ash content in AAPS were determined gravimetrically. The result of research have shown the water and ash content in all of AAPS is accordance to standard quality of activated carbon, SNI 06-3730-1995. The water and ash content in AAPS activated carbon can affect the ability of this adsorbent in the LCPKS treatment process. A3M3 activated carbon which were 1,49% of water content and 5.24% of ash can removed 65.44% TDS from LCPKS.Item KORELASI WAKTU IRRADIASI MICROWAVE DENGAN BEBERAPA KARAKTER KARBON AKTIF PELEPAH SAWIT(Elfitra, 2022-12) Sapitri, Ayu; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaOil palm frond biomass (PS) has been widely used as an activated carbon source in various ways of synthesis and various characters. In this research studied the character of activated carbon synthesized from PS biomass through physical activation in the conventional microwave at low power for a short time. Synthesis was begun with carbonization step, chemical activation using KOH and physical activation by a microwave with an irradiation time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes at a power of 200 W, respectively. The particle size was provided 100 ≤ x ≤ 200 (mesh). Several characters of activated carbon were determined according to SNI No.06-3730-1995, including moisture and ash content, as well as iodine adsorption capacity. At the same time, the yield of activated carbon obtained from each synthesis step was also determined. The results showed that the moisture, ash and the yield of activated carbon increased with increasing irradiation time. The iodine adsorption by the activated carbon increased up to 10 minutes, A10D200. The moisture and ash content, as well as iodine adsorption capacity of activated carbon have complied with SNI No.06-3730-1995. In the APS sample, only the water content (3.26%) complied with the relevant SNI. A10D200 is the best activated carbon from this research.Item PENGARUH AKTIVASI ASAM DAN KALSINASI LEMPUNG MAREDAN PADA RASIO Si/Al ZEOLIT SINTESIS(Elfitra, 2022-12) Gaol, Jeky Sasemar Lumban; Muhdarina, MuhdarinaActivation of Maredan clay was carried out to release impurities from the lattice structure of the clay to increase the content of silica and alumina, thereby increasing the chances of conversion Maredan clay into zeolite. In this research, the synthesis of zeolite was initiated by the activation process of Maredan natural clay using 1 M H2SO4 and calcination for 3 hours at 650oC. In the zeolite synthesis stage, the post-calcination clay was mixed into 5 M NaOH solution for the aging process with stirring at 300 rpm for 5 hours at 80°C followed by a reflux process at 100°C for 8 hours, then filtered. Synthesized zeolite, post-activated Maredan clay, and natural clay were analyzed using XRF instruments. The results obtained were that the Fe content in Maredan clay decreased from 8.53% to 6.55% as well as increased Si from 11.5% to 15.6% and Al from 7.19% to 9.07%, respectively. Simultaneously there was an increase in the Si/Al ratio from 1.519 for natural clay to 1.583 after it became a zeolite.