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EFEK WAKTU IRRADIASI MICROWAVE PADA SINTESIS KARBON AKTIF PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
(Elfitra, 2023-12) Aulia, Anggi Dyang; Muhdarina
The oil palm fronds contribute the highest biomass compared to other parts of the oil
palm. The biomass of oil palm fronds were transformed into activated carbon through a
carbonization process (at a temperature of 600°C for 60 minutes), resulting as charcoal,
namely APS. Subsequently, the APS was chemically activated with KOH (APS : KOH
ratio of 1:1 [w/w]) and physically activated under microwave irradiation (at times of 1,
3, and 5 minutes) at a power of 300 W, yielding activated carbons denoted as A1D300,
A3D300, and A5D300. The moisture and ash content, as well as the iodine adsorption
capacity of both oil palm charcoal and activated carbon were determined in accordance
with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 06-3730-1995. Similarly, their
respective yields were also assessed. The research results were found that yields,
moisture content, and iodine adsorption capacity decrease with increasing irradiation
time, whereas ash content tends to increase. The yield for each activated carbon was
significantly greater than that of APS charcoal. In contrast to APS charcoal, all activated
carbons meet the moisture, ash, and iodine adsorption capacity standards specified in
the referenced SNI. Among them, A1D300 stands out as the most effective activated
carbon from oil palm fronds, exhibiting a yield of 85%, ash and moisture content of
0.9% and 7.6% respectively, and an iodine adsorption capacity of 809.2 mg g
-1
.
KARAKTERISTIK BIOCHAR PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT PRODUK PIROLISIS PADA SUHU BERVARIASI
(Elfitra, 2023-12) Ulfa, Amelia; Muhdarina
The potential utilization of oil palm fronds as a raw material for biochar production is
attributed to their composition of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. This research is
investigated the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the characteristics of the resulting
biochar, adhering to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-3730-1995,
encompassing parameters such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and
fixed carbon. Oil palm fronds were subjected to pyrolysis at varying temperatures of
500°C, 600°C, and 700°C for 60 minutes in a nitrogen gas stream. The research results
was demonstrated that the pyrolysis temperature of oil palm fronds significantly
influences the characteristics of moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and fixed
carbon. The values were obtained exhibit an increasing trend with the elevation of
temperature. The most optimal biochar identified in this study is designated as BPS500,
featuring a moisture content of 0.76%, ash content of 6.85%, volatile matter content of
9.66%, and fixed carbon content of 82.71%, respectively. All these values align with the
specifications outlined in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-3730-1995.
OPTIMASI WAKTU KONTAK DAN KONSENTRASI ADSORBAT PADA PENJERAPAN TIMBAL(II) OLEH LEMPUNG ALAM MAREDAN
(Elfitra, 2023-12) Nazila, Alma; Mukhlis
The application of Maredan natural clay as an adsorbent has several advantages,
such as lower cost, abundant availability and good adsorption efficiency. In this
research, Maredan natural clay was used to adsorb lead in water. The purpose of
this research was determine the optimum contact time and optimum
concentration of adsorbate, the adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetics model
of the adsorbent in lead adsorption process using Maredan natural clay. The
adsorption used batch method with contact time variations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and
50 minutes and variations in adsorbate concentration of 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm.
The concentration of adsorbate adsorbed was determined using AAS.
Characterization of the adsorbent before and after adsorption process was carried
out using a FTIR instrument to determine the bond vibrations and functional
groups of Maredan natural clay. The optimum contact time and adsorbate
concentration of this research was obtained at 20 minutes and adsorbate
concentration of 40 ppm, with adsorption efficiency of 77,02%. The adsorption
isotherm for lead adsorption using Maredan natural clay was found to follow the
Langmuir isotherm with R2 coefficient of 0,9314. The kinetic model of this
research followed a second pseudo order kinetic model with and R2 coefficient of
0,9992.
KORELASI KEBASAAN PERMUKAAN DENGAN GUGUS FUNGSI ARANG AKTIF KULIT DURIAN
(Elfitra, 2023-11) Seftiana, Zenifa; Muhdarina
Durian skin waste (Durio zibethinus) which contains quite high levels of
cellulose, lignin and carbon can be used as raw material for active carbon. In this
research, the characteristics of active carbon synthesized from In this research, the
characteristics of activated carbon synthesized from durian peel waste were
studied using a furnace at a temperature of 700oC for 2 hours to obtain KADF and
microwave at a power of 750 W for 75 seconds to obtain KADM. The
characteristics of active carbon determined are basicity and surface functional
groups. The results of the characterization show that the surface alkalinity of
KADM activated carbon is higher than that of KADF. Likewise, the -O-H
functional group in KADF is lost, while the other functional groups (C-H, C=C,
C-O) show a lower percent transmittance compared to KADM activated carbon.
These results show that physical activation using a microwave at 750 W for 75
seconds is better than using a furnace at 700 oC for 2 hours..
KORELASI KEBASAAN PERMUKAAN DENGAN GUGUS FUNGSI ARANG AKTIF KULIT DURIAN
(Elfitra, 2023-11) Seftiana, Zenifa; Muhdarina
Durian skin waste (Durio zibethinus) which contains quite high levels of
cellulose, lignin and carbon can be used as raw material for active carbon. In this
research, the characteristics of active carbon synthesized from In this research, the
characteristics of activated carbon synthesized from durian peel waste were
studied using a furnace at a temperature of 700oC for 2 hours to obtain KADF and
microwave at a power of 750 W for 75 seconds to obtain KADM. The
characteristics of active carbon determined are basicity and surface functional
groups. The results of the characterization show that the surface alkalinity of
KADM activated carbon is higher than that of KADF. Likewise, the -O-H
functional group in KADF is lost, while the other functional groups (C-H, C=C,
C-O) show a lower percent transmittance compared to KADM activated carbon.
These results show that physical activation using a microwave at 750 W for 75
seconds is better than using a furnace at 700 oC for 2 hours..
Keywords: alkalinity, functional groups, carbon active