Hidrogenasi Pirolisis Cangkang Sawit Menjadi Bio Oil dengan Katalis Ni/ZSM-5

Abstract

Indonesia faced with an energy crisis, estimated the petroleum will be exhausted in 12 years, so its neccesary to found new reserves of petroleum. One of the technology to produce alternative energy is the palm shell into bio-oil conversion with calorific value 24 MJ/Kg. Hydrogenation process can improve the ratio H/C along with calorific value upgrading of bio oil and it’s stability. This study is aimed to determine the effect of catalyst Ni/ZSM-5 percentation to palm shell bio oil yield, as well to determine the effect of hydrogenation pyrolysis on bio oil yield and physical properties. Hydrogenation pyrolysis is conducted at slurry reactor having 50 gr palm shell with 5-10 mm particle size, silinap (280M) 500 mL at temperature of 330oC. Catalyst variation (Ni/ZSM-5) 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5% to palm shell weight, with 1.35 ml/sec of hydrogen flow rate. Using ratio 2.5% Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst having 3% Ni impregnated showed of the highest yield 81.76%. Physical characterization result from bio oil showed that the highest calorific value of 0.5% Ni/ZSM-5 as hydrogenation pyrolisis catalyst is 44.43 MJ/Kg, 0.862 cSt kinematic viscosity, 0.955 gr/ml density, 0.946 specific gravity, 18.035oAPI, 49.3oC flash point and acid value 47.26 gr NaOH/gr sample. Hydrogenation pyrolysis improving bio oil properties, such as increasing calorific value and reducing viscosity, density, acid value, and flash point. GC-MS Analysis showed 1-Bromo-3-Metil-Cyclohexane of 9.16% as the highest chemical compound.