Abstract:
Stunting reflects chronic undernutrition during the most critical periods of growth and development
in early life. Data from health department of Padang in 2013 showed the prevalence of stunting in
the region of Health Center Air Dingin was 43.3%. The aim of research is to determine the risk factors
of stunting children aged 24-59 months in Kelurahan Balai Gadang, Health Center of Air
Dingin Padang city in 2015. This research is a retrospective case control study. The study was conducted
in April-May 2015 in Kelurahan Balai Gadang, Health Center of Air Dingin. The total samples
were 90 children with aged 24-59 months. The data about the immunization status, birth
weight, exclusive breastfeeding status, number of family members, mother's education, mother's
occupation were obtained using questionaire (primary data). Collecting data sanitation and water
sources with direct observation in the home of the respondents (primary data). The anthropometric
data and age were obtained from Health Centers of Air Dingin (secondary data). Sampling in the
case group was done by using simple random sampling and calculated based on the formula and
obtained as many as 45 children aged 24-59 months. The selected control group is children aged 24-
59 months are normal nutritional status with same in gender. The number of children in the control
group was similar to the case. Data was analyzed by univariate. Bivariate analysis used Chi-Square
test. In the case group there as much as 75.6% children are not fully immunized. 26.7% children
with low birth weight. 68.9% children were not given exclusive breastfeeding. 40% of infants with
a large number of family members. 64.4% children with low maternal education. 2,2 % of children
with working mothers. 55,6% family do not have basic sanitation. 37,8% family do not have a protected
water source. In the control group there as much as 35,6 % are not fully immunization. 6,7 %
children with low birth weight. 48.9% children were not given exclusive breastfeeding. 24,4% of
infants with a large number of family members. 28,9 % children with low maternal education. 6,7%
of children with working mothers. 22,2% family do not have basic sanitation. 28,9% family do not
have a protected water source. Statistical analysis showed risk factors for the incidence of stunting
children aged 24-59 months are immunized (OR = 5,6), birth weight (OR=5,02), maternal education
(OR = 4,46), and basic sanitation (OR = 4,3) which was obtained p <0.005. While the status of exclusive
breastfeeding, the number of the members of family, work and the source of water were not
a risk factor for the incidence of stunting. Although exlusive breasfeeding is not a risk factor for the
occurrence of stunting, but there is the tendency, so the need for counseling to mother’s children to
give baby’s exlusive breasfeeding aged 0-6 month.
